1. Greek Theatre
English 10

3. Greek Culture

4. Acropolis--Athens, Greece

5. The Parthenon

6. Athens from Above

7. Zeus Ruler of Olympian gods Overthrew his father, Cronus.
God of the sky, god of justice and mercy, the protector of the weak, and the punisher of the wicked
Main weapon is a Thunderbolt.
Married to Hera, but is famous for his many affairs.
Zeus was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian gods. Zeus overthrew his Father Cronus. He then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades. Zeus won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods. He is lord of the sky, the rain god. His weapon is a thunderbolt that he hurls at those who displease him. He is married to Hera but is famous for his many affairs. He is also known to punish those that lie or break oaths. He was the rain god, and the cloud gatherer. He is represented as the god of justice and mercy, the protector of the weak, and the punisher of the wicked.

8. Aphrodite Goddess of love, desire, and beauty.
Daughter of Zeus and Dione.
Wife of Hephaestus.
Lover is the god of war, Ares.
She represented sex, affection, and the attraction that binds people together.

9. Apollo Son of Zeus and Leto. Twin sister is Artemis.
The god of light, music, healing, and truth.
Daily task is to harness his chariot with four horses and drive the sun across the sky.
Famous for his oracle at Delphi.
He also is the god of healing who taught man medicine. He is also the god of truth, who cannot speak a lie.

10. Athena
Virgin goddess of reason, intelligent activity, arts and literature, goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture
Daughter of Zeus. She sprang full-grown in armor from his forehead
Embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity.
Zeus's favorite child.
Athena is the Greek virgin goddess of reason, intelligent activity, arts and literature. Athena is the daughter of Zeus. She sprang full-grown in armor from his forehead, thus she has no mother. She is fierce and brave in battle but only wars to defined the state and home from outside enemies. She is the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. She invented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses, the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot. She is the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity. She was Zeus's favorite child and was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite city is Athens

11. Hermes
Cleverest of the Olympian gods, and messenger to all the other gods.
Son of Zeus and Maia.
Fastest of the gods.
God of thieves and god of commerce, he guides the dead to the underworld.

12. Ares Son of Zeus and Hera. Disliked by both parents The god of war.
Ares is the son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He is the god of war. He is considered murderous and bloodstained but, also a coward. When caught in an act of adultery with Aphrodite her husband Hephaestus is able publicly ridicule him.

13. Poseidon God of the sea He was widely worshiped by sailors.
Brother of Zeus and is second only to Zeus in power.
Weapon is a trident

14. Hades Brother of Zeus. Lord of the underworld,
ruling over the dead, the god of wealth,
Married to Persephone whom he abducted.

15. Hephaestus Son of Zeus and Hera. Only god to be physically ugly.
He is also lame.
God of fire and the forge. Patron god of both smiths and weavers.
Married to Aphrodite.

16. Hestia Zeus sister Virgin Goddess of the Hearth
Each city had a public hearth sacred to Hestia, where the fire was never allowed to go out.
Mildest, most upright and most charitable of Olympians
Does not have a distinct personality and plays no part in myths.

17. Artemis Daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother is Apollo
Huntsman of the gods.
Goddess of chastity, virginity, the hunt, the moon, and nature. Presides over childbirth
All wild animals are sacred to her, especially the deer.

18. Hera Zeus wife and sister. She is the goddess of marriage
and childbirth
Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeus's infidelities.

19. Dionysus God of fertility and wine, patron of the arts.
Son of Zeus and Semele
(Only god to have a mortal parent)
Most of the great Greek plays were initially written to be performed at the feast of Dionysus.
All who took part writers, actors, and spectators were regarded as scared servants of Dionysus during the festival.
Hera ticked Semele into making Zeus show her his true form. However, mortals cannot look upon undisguised Gods without dying. Zeus rescued Dionysus from Semele's womb and stitched him into his thigh to hold him until he was ready to be born. His birth from Zeus alone conferred immortality upon him.

20. Demeter The goddess of the earth, agriculture, and of fertility.
Daughter of Cronus and Rhea.
Makes the crops grow each year. The first loaf of bread from the harvest is sacrificed to her.
Associated with the seasons.
The first loaf of bread from the harvest is sacrificed to her. Demeter is the goddess of the earth, of agriculture, and of fertility in general. Demeter is intimately associated with the seasons. Her daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades to be his wife in the underworld. In her anger at her daughter's loss Demeter laid a curse on the world that caused plants to wither and die, the land became desolate. Zeus became alarmed and sought Persephone's return. It was decreed that Persephone would spend four months each year in the underworld. During these months Demeter grieves her daughters absence, and withdraws her gifts from the world, creating winter. Her return brought the spring.

21. Greek Theatre

22. Terms to know
Dithyramb-long hymn, sung and danced by a group of 50 men
Archon- appointed government official, chose plays 11 months before the next festival
Choregus- equivalent of modern producer, paid for everything and chose the playwright
Tetralogy- four plays that can stand separately but are united by a single story or theme
Dithyramb told heroic stories

23. The Beginnings
Arion- (early 6th century) developed the dithyramb into a more dramatic form, interspersing spoken sections with the musical portions
Thespis- (6th century) transformed the dithyramb by stepping out of the chorus and becoming an actor.
All dates are BCE
Arion a talented harpist and poet, born in Lesbos,
Thespis- delivered a prologue that required him to become a character- also said to be the first writer of tragedy

24. City Dionysia Theatre became a central figure in religious festivals
City Dionysia honored the god Dionysus
Held in March in Athens and lasted for several days.
Celebration of the return of Spring and the reopening of the ports.
Prizes for the best play

25. Tragic Greek Playwrights
Sophocles (left), Aeschylus (upper right), and Euripides (lower right)
With Sophocles (left), Aeschylus (upper right), and Euripides (lower right)

26. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.E.) Added a second actor
Reduced chorus from 50 to 12
Director, actor, playwright, poet, and soldier
Born into a noble family
Acknowledged master of the tetralogy
Won a number of first prizes in drama competitions
Wrote about 90 plays, 7 still exist

27. Sophocles (496-406 B.C.E.) Increased chorus from 12 to 15 men
Introduced a third actor
Defeated Aeschylus in 468 B.C.E.
Won first place 18 times
Wrote more than 100 plays, 7 complete plays still exist
Told stories as single dramas rather than part of a tetralogy
Innovations to realistic scene painting
Never placed lower than 2nd place
Exploration of character and a focus on the individual are characteristic of his plays

28. Euripides (480-406 B.C.E.) Most “modern” of tragic playwrights
Sympathetic towards women
Characters acted as they do in everyday life
Mixed comedy and tragedy
Portrayed gods as human and fallible
Wrote 92 plays, 5 won prizes during his life
18 plays still exist

29. Skene- scene house, stores props, and costumes, changing areas
Parodos- entrance or exit
Altar- thymele
Orchestra- playing area, 66ft in diameter

30. Theatre of Dionysus

31. Theatre of Dionysus

32. Theatre of Dionysus