1. Psycholinguistic aspects of interlanguage
Chapter 6
Psycholinguistic aspects of interlanguage

2. Q: L1 transfer positive vs. negative?

3. Q:
L1 transfer (p.52)
in the mentalist view
in the cognitivist view
in the behaviorist view

4. Cross-linguistic Influence: The Semantic Dimension
Expansion (generalization)
burberry coat(trench coat)
coating(laminating)
hip (rear, bottom or buttocks)
Narrowing
sign (signature or autograph)
manicure(nail polish)
glamour(a girl with a sexy figure)
Innovation
booking (an instant blind date)
fighting!(go for it! or hurray!)
magic pen (marker)
meeting(blind date)
one shot (bottoms-up!)
open car (convertible)
skinship(casual contact between lovers)
Pejoration
hostess (a woman who works at an adult bar)
room salon(an adult bar)

5. Cross-linguistic Influence: The Collocational Dimension
strong drinker (heavy drinker)
sour and sweet (sweet and sour)
East, West, South, North (North, South, East, West)
3 nights 4 days (4 days 3 nights)

6. Cross-linguistic Influence: The Conceptual Dimension (1)
Language shapes the conceptual categories that influence how its speakers’ perceptions
are encoded and stored (Wierzbicka, 1992).
English-speakers narrate an event from their point of view
Where am I ?
I like your dress
Konglish users describe it from a third-person perspective as an observer
Where is here?
Your dress is beautiful
Speaker-orientation
Can I get some water?
Hearer-orientation
Could you bring me some water?
Please bring me some water

7. Cross-linguistic Influence: The Conceptual Dimension (2)
Underlying concepts profoundly affect the meanings attached to linguistic labels. Even in domains where two languages seem to divide the world up conceptually in broadly the same way, linguistic labels are often applied in different places (Swan, 1997).
half-boiled egg vs. soft-boiled egg
The respondent’s intention is in accordance with the true value
“I am not hungry”
Q: Aren’t you hungry?
A: Yes

8. Cross-linguistic Influence: The Metaphorical Dimension
Metaphorical concepts and features are culture-specific (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980).
Certain features specifically emphasized and valued in the given culture affect the process of elaboration of metaphorical expressions (Kövecses, 2002, p.186).
Turtle (snail)
Stone head (air head)

9. Cross-linguistic Influence: The Pragmatic Dimension
“Free” goods (Lakoff, 1974)
marital status and age
“Noticing”, especially lying in compliments in native speakers’ greetings (Hatch, 1984, p.191)
Where are you going?
Did you eat your meal?

10. The role of consciousness (p.55)Q:
The role of consciousness (p.55)
Krashen’s view
Schmidt’s view

11. Q: Explicit v s. Implicit knowledge (pp
Q: Explicit v s. Implicit knowledge (pp.56-57) “Do you know how to dance?”

12. Q:
Explicit knowledge -- "knowing that.
known as data, stored as information
Implicit knowledge --"knowing how"
knowledge of how to go about doing something,
knowledge that we may or may not be able to
describe explicitly.

13. Communication strategies: Achievement strategies
To reach the communicative goal by expanding the communicative resources at one’s disposal in order to compensate for their linguistic insufficiency
(over)-generalization,
paraphrase,
code switching

14. To avoid problems by reducing one’s communicative goal.
Reduction strategies
To avoid problems by reducing one’s communicative goal.
topic avoidance- as a form of refusal of certain topics requiring specific language features beyond the learner’s linguistic ability
semantic avoidance (meaning replacement) uttering in a somewhat different way from the speaker’s original intention in order to avoid certain linguistic elements
message abandonment -to discontinue an utterance which is already underway

15. IL(L2)-based strategies
language switch and literal translation
IL(L2)-based strategies
Paraphrase, generalisation, word coinage, and restructuring
L2-based strategies, circumlocution (paraphrase) or approximation --- preferred by more proficient learners

16. PSM: Problem-solving mechanism

18. Computational models: serial processing (p.61)

19. Discrete serial models (e.g. Levelt 1989)
Semantic node o o o o
Lexical node o o o o
Sublexical node o o o o

20. Mental lexicon Semantic o o o o Lexical coffee 커피
Sublexical kɔ:fi kɔ:pi
Semantic o o o o o
Lexical 깁스
Sublexical g i b s

21. Connectionist view (Parallel distributed processing)
(e.g. Dell 1989, 2000; Costa, Caramazza & Sebasti´an-Gall´es 2000)
Semantic node o o o o
Lexical node o o o o
Sublexical node o o o o