1. Weather
©Mark Place,

2. weather basics The Sun The uneven heating of the Earth’s Surface.
Where does the energy for weather originate?
The Sun
The uneven
heating
of the Earth’s
Surface.

3. In the US, the general direction that weather systems move is toward
weather basics
In the US, the general direction that weather systems move is toward
the
northeast
ESRT page 14

4. dewpoint are measured in
Station Models
Please go to page 13 of the
ESRTs
Temperature and
dewpoint are measured in
degrees _______ F

5. .. Cloud Cover Temperature 76 138 Wind Direction & Speed -30\
Current Weather 55
Dewpoint
Barometric
Trend
Barometric
Pressure

6. Add a 9 or 10 in front to fit on the scale
Barometric
Pressure
138
Add a decimal between the last two digits
13.8
Add a 9 or 10 in front to fit on the scale
(ranges from to )
1013.8
Less than 500:
ADD A 10
Greater than 500:
ADD A 9

7. Evaporation Rates
Relative Humidity
Temperature
Surface Area

8. as temperature increases, the rate of evaporation
Evaporation Rates
Direct
Relationship
as temperature increases,
the rate of evaporation
increases
Relative Humidity
Temperature
Surface Area

9. as surface area increases, the rate of evaporation
Evaporation Rates
Direct
Relationship
as surface area increases,
the rate of evaporation
increases
Relative Humidity
Temperature
Surface Area

10. as the air becomes more saturated, the rate of evaporation
Evaporation Rates
Indirect
Relationship
as the air becomes more saturated,
the rate of evaporation
decreases
Relative Humidity
Temperature
Surface Area

11. What natural process
cleans the atmosphere?
precipitation
Rain
Snow
Hail

12. Cloud Formation

13. Cools to the
dewpoint
Expands
Warm
Air Rises

14. Clouds are likely to form when:
The air is saturated and rising
The temperature is at the dewpoint
Condensation nuclei are available

16. As air temperature increases Warm air holds more water.
the air can hold
more water
Warm air holds more water.

17. lower due to evaporation
Sling Psychrometer
Dry bulb measures
air temperature
Wet bulb temp is
lower due to evaporation

18. Using the charts on page 12 of the ESRTs, calculate the relative
humidity and dew point using the following information.
Dry Bulb
Wet Bulb
Difference
Dew Point
Relative Humidity (%) 14 10 4 20 5 30 19 18 56

21. Using the charts on page 12 of the ESRTs, calculate the relative
humidity and dew point using the following information.
Dry Bulb
Wet Bulb
Difference
Dew Point
Relative Humidity (%) 14 10 4 20 5 30 19 18 56 6 60 15 12 58 23 7 55 13 5 9

22. Relative Humidity vs
Air Temperature
Indirect
Relationship
as temp increases
RH decreases

23. As dew point increases, the amount of moisture in the air

24. dewpoint get closer together, the probability of precipitation
As temperature
and
dewpoint get closer together,
the probability of precipitation
INCREASES

25. probability of precipitation?
Which has the greatest
probability of precipitation?

26. Pressure and Wind
©Mark Place,

27. What instrument is used to measure:
wind speed
air pressure
anemometer
barometer
[ORIGIN from Greek anemos ‘wind’]
[ORIGIN from Greek baros ‘weight’]

28. AIR PRESSURE

29. How are winds named?
The direction
from which
they come

30. What causes wind?
differences in
pressure

31. WIND

32. Which pressure gradient would result in greater wind velocity?

34. measurements using the chart
Convert the following
measurements using the chart
on page 13 of the
ESRTs.
29.73
997
30.18
994

35. Wind blows from areas of
to areas of
high
pressure
low
pressure

36. Draw the relationship between air pressure and air density.

37. This is because the air is Therefore, clouds CANNOT form.
In a high pressure area,
air will (rise, sink)
because the air is
(less, more) dense.
This is because the air is
(cold, warm)
and (rises, sinks).
Therefore, clouds CANNOT form.

38. This is because the air is
In a low pressure area,
air will (rise, sink)
because the air is
(less, more) dense.
This is because the air is
(cold, warm)
and (rises, sinks).
Therefore, clouds are
LIKELY to form.

39. Correctly draw the direction of wind flow
around both a high and a low pressure area
in the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.

40. counterclockwise wind direction
low pressure
high pressure
warm or cold air
air rising or sinking
clouds or no clouds
clockwise or
counterclockwise wind direction
winds toward or
away from the center
warm
cold
rising
sinking
clouds
no clouds
counter clockwise
clockwise
toward
away

41. Correctly label on each diagram where the
On the diagrams below, label which one represents a land breeze and which represents a sea breeze.
Correctly label on each diagram where the
high and low pressure areas would be found.

42. Sea Breeze (daytime) H L
On the diagrams below, label which one represents a land breeze and which represents a sea breeze.
Correctly label on each diagram where the
high and low pressure areas would be found.
Sea Breeze (daytime) H L

43. Land Breeze (night time) L H
On the diagrams below, label which one represents a land breeze and which represents a sea breeze.
Correctly label on each diagram where the
high and low pressure areas would be found.
Land Breeze (night time) L H

44. What’s the relationship
between wind and waves?
direct
(the stronger the wind,
the bigger the waves)

45. 45°N 45°S 75°N 20°N Using the chart on page 14, state the prevailing
wind direction for each latitude below:
45°N
45°S
75°N
20°N

47. 45°N 45°S 75°N 20°N southwest northwest northeast northeast
Using the chart on page 14, state the prevailing
wind direction for each latitude below:
45°N
45°S
75°N
20°N
southwest
northwest
northeast
northeast

48. Is air rising or sinking
at the equator?

49. Is air rising or sinking
at 30°N?

50. ©Mark Place,
Air Masses

51. AIR MASS
What's the definition?
A large body of
air with similar
characteristics
throughout

52. Air masses are classified based on their
and amount of
temperature
moisture

53. Air masses get their characteristics based on
where
they
form

54. continental dry maritime moist Tropical warm Polar cold Arctic
The abbreviations used to classify air masses
use the following letters: c, m, T, P, and A.
For each letter, describe its property:
Word
Means c m T P A
continental
dry
maritime
moist
Tropical
warm
Polar
cold
Arctic
very cold

55. What would their characteristics be?mT cP
warm and moist
cold and dry

56. High or Low Pressure? mT cP H L

59. What type of air mass
would form over each
area? Please label. cA mP mP cP cT mT mT mT

60. World Air Mass
Source Regions

63. cP air mass
dry, cool air
High Pressure Area
mT air mass
warm, moist air
Low Pressure Center

64. Fronts
©Mark Place,

65. a boundary (interface)
FRONTS
a boundary (interface)
between air masses

66. The Rule:
triangles and bumps
always point in the
direction the front
is moving

67. a cold front moving south
an occluded front
a stationary front with cold air on the south side
a warm front moving north
a stationary front with warm air on the south side

68. cP cP
Warm front
Cold front mT
Warm
Cold
Cold

70. Cold Fronts
Animation #1

74. Warm Fronts
Animation #1

79. Using the Words below, complete the paragraph.
COLD FRONTS:
Using the Words below, complete the paragraph.
15 degrees, cold, cold, colder, colder, cooler, clouds, drier, hail, rain, thunderstorms, tornadoes, towering clouds form, warm, warmer
Passage of a cold front:
Cold fronts occur when a air mass replaces a air mass. 
In a cold front the air follows the warm air, and, because air is denser, pushes air out of its way, forcing the warm air to rise.
The lifting warm air mass becomes , and start to form.
Precipitation at cold fronts are usually heavier although less extensive (50-70 km) and less prolonged.
The reason for this is that the uplift of warm air there is stronger due to the undercutting of cold air, so , and , , and can occur.
The air behind a cold front is noticeably and than the air ahead of it.
When the cold front passes through, temperatures can drop more than within the first hour.

80. WARM FRONTS:
Using the Words below, complete the paragraph
air, cirrus clouds, cold, colder air mass, in front of them, lifts up, move slowly, settling over the cold front, warm, warmer, warmer and more humid
Warm fronts:
Warm fronts occur, when a air mass approaches a The warmer air and over the colder air.
fronts are usually more gentle than fronts, , gently and moving it out of the way.
Precipitation at warm fronts are usually less heavy although more extensive ( km), than at the cold fronts. The behind a warm front is warmer and more moist than the air ahead of it.
Warm fronts bring more steady, lighter rain or snow ………………………, which can last from a few hours to several days. When a warm front passes through, the air becomes noticeably than it was before.
The first signs of the warm front are the , followed by the cirrostratus, altostratus, nimbocumulus and stratocumulus types of clouds.

81. Hurricanes Lightning Tornadoes
©Mark Place,

82. HURRICANES

90. Footage

93. LIGHTNING

97. Tornado Safety