1. Ninth Grade English Miss Hannawi
Argumentation
Ninth Grade English
Miss Hannawi

2. First, learn the term CLAIM Second, learn the term SETUP
There are four terms to which every ninth grader must become accustomed:
First, learn the term CLAIM
Second, learn the term SETUP
Third, learn the term EVIDENCE
Fourth, learn the term REASONING
These four wonderful terms come together to create ARGUMENTATION WRITING!!!

3. Claim A claim is a statement in support of a thesis.
A claim answers the question, “What point do I want to make?”
A claim comes from your own head and should include the keyword from the prompt.
The claim is found at the beginning of a paragraph, and is usually one sentence long.
For example: “Rainsford is a hero because…”
Highlight the claim solid blue.

4. Setup Identifies the setting, speaker, and context for the quote.
Note: You must know what your evidence is before you can set it up!
Includes the keyword from your claim/prompt.
Setup should start with a transition word: First of all/Secondly…
Highlight setup squiggly pink.

5. Evidence Evidence is the facts or ideas that support your claim.
Evidence comes from the text (book or other source). It should be a direct quote, word for word from the text.
Make sure you include page numbers!
Introduce your quote with something like “The narrator says…”
An example: Rainsford says, “…” (42).
Highlight evidence solid yellow.

6. Reasoning
Explains how or why your evidence connects to/relates to/proves your claim.
Reasoning comes from your head; it is YOUR idea!
Reasoning answers the question, “What does my evidence have to do with my claim?”
Reasoning should have at least three sentences, and should include the key word from the prompt.
Highlight reasoning solid pink.

7. How it all goes together…
Claims are only found at the very beginning and restated at the very end of your paragraph.
Setup introduces the evidence by supplying your reader with context and focusing their attention.
Evidence comes from a text, supports your claim (topic sentence), and is almost always found in “quotes”.
Reasoning is at least three sentences. It explains what your evidence is saying and how it relates to your claim. It’s like the meat/peanut butter in the sandwich (Your sandwich isn’t good without it!).
Don’t forget to restate your claim!
Because you need at least 2 pieces of evidence to support each claim, you will have TWO setups, TWO evidences, and TWO reasoning!

8. How it all goes together…
Your claim begins the paragraph and is usually just 1 sentence.
Setup #1 is usually 2-3 sentences and introduces evidence #1
Evidence #1 is a direct quote and can be any number of sentences, depending on how long the quote is.
Reasoning #1 is at least three sentences. It explains what your evidence #1 is saying and how it relates to your claim. Make sure you are clear in your reasoning!
Setup #2 is usually 2-3 sentences and introduces evidence #2.
Evidence #2 is a direct quote and can be any number of sentences, depending on how long the quote is.
Reasoning #2 is at least three sentences. It explains what your evidence #2 is saying and how it relates to your claim. Make sure you are clear in your reasoning!
Restate your claim at the end of your paragraph in a different way.
Because you need at least 2 pieces of evidence to support each claim, you will have TWO setups, TWO evidences, and TWO reasoning!

9. Argumentation
Now that you are experts on argumentation, you can write like a pro!