1. Developmental Theories
Chapter 11
Developmental Theories
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2. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
Terminology
Physical growth
Development
Cephalocaudal, proximal/distal
Maturation
Differentiation
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3. Factors Influencing Growth and Development
Forces of nature
Heredity
Temperament
External forces
Family
Peer group
Life experiences
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4. Factors Influencing Growth and Development (cont’d)
External forces (cont’d)
Health environment
Prenatal health
Nutrition
Rest, sleep, and exercise
State of health
Living environment
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5. Developmental Theories
Biophysical
Psychoanalytic/psychosocial
Cognitive
Moral
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6. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theories
Sigmund Freud
Psychosexual developmental stages
Stage 1: oral
Stage 2: anal
Stage 3: phallic or oedipal
Stage 4: latency
Stage 5: genital
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7. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theories (cont’d)
Erik Erikson
Eight stages of life
Trust versus mistrust
Autonomy versus sense of shame or doubt
Initiative versus guilt
Industry versus Inferiority
Identity versus role confusion
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8. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theories (cont’d)
Eight stages of life (cont’d)
Intimacy versus Isolation
Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
Integrity versus despair
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9. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theories (cont’d)
Robert Havighurst
Series of essential tasks arising from predictable internal and external pressures
Roger Gould
Five developmental themes
Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas
Behavioral styles of children
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10. Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.
Cognitive Theory
Jean Piaget
Period I: sensorimotor
Period II: preoperational
Period III: concrete operations
Period IV: formal operations
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11. Moral Development Theories
Jean Piaget
Premoral, conventional, and autonomous stages
Lawrence Kohlberg
Six stages of development
Three levels
Carol Gilligan
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