1. Interactive Notebook Setup
1/24/2018
Incan Society and Government
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2. Society
Background
Government
Religion
Economy
Technology

3. Background
Inca started as a nomadic group in the Andes mountain before settling near Lake Titicaca in the 13th Century
1200 and 1535 ce
Called themselves Tawantinsuyu which means “Four Regions” in Quechuan language
Emperor Pachacuti and his son Topa Inca expanded Incan territory via military and began the Incan Empire
Founded the city of Machu Picchu

5. Background The city of Cusco was the capital of the empire
The ancient Inca capital is said to have been The Incas conceived their capital in the shape of a Puma with the river serving as the spine, Sacsayhuaman the head, and the main city center the body.
Almost every central street has remains of Inca walls, arches and doorways. Many streets are lined with Inca stonework, now serving as foundations for more modern buildings.

6. Machu Picchu
Temple of the Sun in Machu Picchu

7. Incan government
• The Incas established an official language, Quechua • Divided empire into four provinces • Developed a bureaucracy run by nobles • Nobility drawn from the ten ayllus(family units) • Local rulers maintained their positions • Colonized conquered areas by moving Inca people into conquered areas • Made conquered leaders move out of their villages and move in with leaders who were loyal to the Inca government

8. Inca Government Expansion was motivated by split inheritance
Political power and titles of the ruler went to his successor but all his possessions remained in the hands of his male descendants, the panaqa, or other heirs, who would use them to support the cult of the dead Inca's mummy for eternity
Satisfied other potential heirs materially and encouraged the new leader to gain more territory and wealth

9. Inca society Inca emphasis on military reinforced gender inequality
Women worked in the fields, wove cloth, and cared for the household
Women worshipped fertility deities
Recognize parallel descent
Women passed rights and property to their daughters

10. Inca society
Ayllus were clans that constituted the basic socioeconomic unit of Inca society
Allyus were made of extended family units
Were self-sustaining units and would educate their own offspring and farm or trade for all the food they ate, except in cases of disaster

11. Religion
Religion was polytheistic, with the Sun god being the most important
Great Inca(Emperor) was said to be a descendant of the Sun god
Human sacrifice was practiced, but not very frequently
Believed in animism and ancestor worship
Especially ancestor worship of former emperors and nobles
Religious tolerance for conquered peoples, but must worship Incan gods

12. Inca Economy Agriculturally based using terrace farming
Domesticated and bred hundreds of varieties of potatoes, tomatoes, peppers
Different crops grown based on location and altitude
Lots of labor/workers necessary for transport of goods
Excellent Roads/infrastructure for transfer of goods from coastal desert to jungle to mountain villages
Trade from different regions provided lots of different food to eat

15. Inca Economy
Rulers maintained authority by trading supplies to “good” regions and not to “bad” regions
Used Mit’a system of labor
A system in which each person owed compulsory labor services to the Inca state
Used for building roads, agricultural terraces, warehouses, temples, and other public works

16. Incan Technology
Built a complex system of roads and bridges, 25,000 miles of roads
Used a system of runners to carry messages throughout the empire
Beautiful pottery, cloth, and metalworking
Quipu used as an elaborate recording system using knots
No pictographic or phonetic writing system

17. Quipu

18. Bridges and Roads

19. Inca metalworking