1. Chapter 3
Socialization

2. Socialization Sociobiology Lifelong process Self-identity
Survival skills
Sociobiology
How does biology affect social behavior?
nature
nurture

3. Social contact is necessary to human survival
Harlow’s nonhuman primate studies of social isolation
Harlow’s Monkeys
Isolated Rhesus monkey babies will seek any comfort they can, clinging to surrogate mothers without food but covered in terry cloth as opposed to wire mothers with ample food.
Female monkeys (reared this way) were very poor mothers, especially with first born. Their behaviors were timid, emotionally overexcitable.
No type of conventional therapy (not drugs) provided any long-lasting restoration of normal social function.
The most effective approach was exposure to much younger monkeys as they provoked safe and playful social interactions which drew the isolates out of their self-focused misery.

4. Child Abuse/Maltreatment
Neglect is the most frequent form of child maltreatment
Basic needs are not met:
emotional security
adequate shelter
food
health care
education
clothing
protection

5. Social Psychological Theories of Human Development
Sigmund Freud Id
Ego
Superego

6. Social Psychological Theories of Human Development
Jean Piaget
Sensorimotor (birth - 2)
Preoperational (age 2 - 7)
Concrete operational (age )
Formal Operational (age 12 - adolescence)

7. Stages of Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg
Preconventional (age )
Conventional (age 11 - adulthood)
Postconventional Level (few reach this stage)

8. Gender and Moral Development
Carol Gilligan
Male bias in Kohlberg’s research
Differences between men
and women’s moral development
Selfish concerns
Responsibility to others
Greatest good for self and others

9. Sociological Theories of Human Development
I, me, my, mine, myself
not present at birth

10. Self-Identity Self-Concept
Totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves
Our perceptions about what kind of person we are
Physical Self
Active Self
Social Self
Psychological Self
Examples of the self-concept and the four components that make up self-concept:
The Physical Self: “I am tall.”
The Active self: “I am good at soccer.”
The social self” “I am nice to others.”
The psychological self: “I believe in world peace.”
Based on the
perceptions
of others

11. Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self

12. Mead and Role Taking Significant others “I” versus “Me”
“I” is the subjective element of the self
“Me” is the objective element of the self
Preparatory Stage (birth - 3)
Play Stage (age 3 - 5)
Game Stage (6 and beyond)
Role-taking: the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to understand the world from that person’s or group’s point of view.
Significant others; those persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self.
What is the difference between the subjective and the objective in relationship to the demands and expectations of society?
Preparatory Stage - Imitation
Play Stage – Pretend/Role-Taking
Game Stage – Rules and inevitability of role-taking in our society
Generalized Other – demands and expectations of society

13. Agents of Socialization
The Family
The School
Peer Groups
Mass Media

14. feminine masculine Gender Socialization
Gender socialization influences future gender roles in society, behaviors, appearances, etc.

15. Personal and group identity
Racial Socialization
Personal and group identity
Intergroup and interindividual relationships
Position in the Social Hierarchy
Racial socialization is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of one’s racial and ethnic status.

16. Resocialization
Voluntary
Involuntary

17. Questions? Comments?