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Molecules and covalent compounds
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Recall Bonding between two atoms can either refer to the transfer or sharing of electrons. In an ionic bond, the electrons transfer from the metal to the non-metal. Today we will look at the sharing of electrons: covalent bonding.
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Learning goals We are learning the rules for naming covalent compounds. We are learning the rules for writing a covalent formulae. We are learning what types of elements are involved in covalent bonds.
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Covalent bonding when two non-metals bond, neither is strong enough to completely pull the other’s electrons therefore, they SHARE the valence electrons! the force of attraction for these mutual electrons holds the atoms together.
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The particle formed by this bond is a MOLECULE.
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a) Single Bond
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H2 O2 F2 Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 Diatomic molecules
any molecule that is bonded with the 2 of the same atom diatomic 7 H2 O2 F2 Br2 I2 N2 Cl2
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Drawing bonds a single line between two atoms represents 2 electrons a single bond a double line represents a double bond 2 pairs of electrons being shared
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Nomenclature Naming molecular compounds is done in three steps:
Write the left-most atom first Change the suffix of the right-most atom to “-ide”. Apply appropriate prefixes where necessary.
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Common Prefixes Prefix # of atoms Mono- 1 Di- 2 Tri- 3 Tetra- 4 Penta-
5 Hexa- 6 Hepta- 7 Octa- 8 Nona- 9 Deca- 10 *Note: Mono is only used for the second atom in the compound.
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Example #1 For the molecular compounds formed by the atoms below
Draw the Lewis diagrams of the resulting molecule Write the chemical formula Write the chemical name a) H & F b) O & O Note: An example of a diatomic molecule. Covalent Bond (shared electron pair)
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Example #2 Determine the chemical formula for the following molecular compounds. a) Dihydrogen Monoxide b) Carbon Dioxide c) Dicarbon Hexahydride
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Example #3 Determine the chemical name for the following molecular compounds. a) CBr4 b) S2O5 c) C3H8
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Building Molecular Models
On a separate sheet of paper, create the following chart (1 whole page). Atoms Sketch Formula & Name Lewis Diagrams H & H O & O C & four H O & two H H & Cl N & three H C & two O
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Learning goals We are learning the rules for naming covalent compounds. We are learning the rules for writing a covalent formulae. We are learning what types of elements are involved in covalent bonds.
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Homework Naming Molecular Compounds Funsheet
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