1. The United States during the 1930s.
The New Deal
The United States during the 1930s.

2. The Background – early 1930s
During President Hoover’s government the Depression was in full swing. Unemployment was at 13 million, industries were closed, farms repossessed and the Dust Bowl was disastrous, banks shut down and the stock market had major difficulties.
People couldn’t find work anywhere so the government had to act.
People searched the newspapers for job adverts.

3. Hoover lost the 1933 presidential election and was succeeded by

4. A man who was to become one of the most successful and well liked presidents of all time

5. The Background
Roosevelt soon came to the conclusion that a massive change in the American way of life was needed to tackle the problems.
What was needed was a
“The nation asks for action and action now.”
New Deal
“Our greatest primary task is to put people to work.”

6. Key Quotes: FDR’s Inauguration Speech
Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself
This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. I shall ask congress for broad executive power to wage was against the emergency.

7. Action to End the Depression
Emergency Banking Act
Fireside Chats
Beer Act - ended prohibition.
The Alphabet Agencies
How would ending
Prohibition help FDR
create jobs?

8. Components of the New Deal
FDR’s plan to end the Great Depression
Went after the Great Depression with the 3 R’s
Offer relief
Create recovery
Build-in reform
Restored hope
Incorporated aspects of socialism
Set wages
Set prices
Government run industries

9. broadcasts were called
Fireside Chats
These Fireside chats aimed to restore peoples’ confidence.
These Fireside Chats were broadcast once a week over the radio.
FDR would explain what he had done that week to help take action to end the Depression.
Why do you think these
broadcasts were called
‘The Fireside Chats?’

10. Fireside Chats
‘I can assure you that it is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under the mattress’
Why were people hiding their savings under their mattresses?
Which Law did FDR get Congress to pass which stopped banks going bankrupt?

11. Reversing the Spiral of Depression
Government
Spending $
More Pay = More Taxes
Alphabet Agencies
More Jobs
Cycle of
Prosperity!
Democrats called
this Process
‘Pump Priming’
More Jobs
More goods have to be produced
More Spending
Demand for goods increases
Why not print this presentation out using the print handout command and select 3 slides per page. The students can then make notes as they go along!
Demand for goods increases
More Spending
More goods have to be produced
More people with
Jobs = more pay $

12. Emergency Banking Act, 1933 This Act closed all of America’s banks
They were inspected by government officials.
Only banks that were properly run and had enough funds were be allowed to reopen after the bank holiday.
Once a bank has been inspected, the government promised to compensate people if that Bank go bust in the future.

13. Stock Market Securities Act 1934 Companies had to be honest
Faith in Securities Act 1933
Securities Act 1934
Stricter control
Companies had to be honest

14. Destitute Federal Emergency Relief Act ( F E R A )
$500 million to state governments to provide relief
Problems
Successes

15. Destitute Unique – a move away from laissez faire
Helped prevent starvation
Won political support for the Democrats from the poor
Lowered unemployment from 13 million to 6 million by 1941.

16. Farming – First Agricultural Adjustment Act
Put up prices by creating artificial scarcity, ie killing livestock, ploughing up crops
This was considered by many to be unconstitutional and an extension of federal powers.
New Deal

17. Industry
The New Deal introduced major breaks with traditional practices.
N.R.A.
Fair Labour Standards Act
Social Security Act
Wagner Act
New Deal

18. Industry – N.R.A. The National Recovery Administration made:-
Industry less cut throat in its operation
Owners introduce a minimum wage
Rules on the maximum working hours

19. Industry – N.R.A. Views There would be an increase in monopolies
Owners such as Henry Ford said:-
There would be an increase in monopolies
It was unconstitutional
The workers were pleased because:-
It gave them greater security and bargaining power
Elevated the position of the worker for the first time

20. Industry – Fair Labour Standards Act
Set new standards so that:-
Set a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour
Set a maximum working week of 40 hours
Banned child labor

21. Industry – Wagner and Social Security Acts
The Wagner Act stated that workers could join a trade union
The Social Security Acts established a contributory insurance program, for retired Americans.

22. Alphabet Agencies
Roosevelt created a number of major agencies known by their initials.
P.W.A.
C.C.C.
T.V.A.
Some opponents called them Alphabet Soup.
New Deal

23. The Alphabet Agencies CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps.
AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Administration.
TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority
PWA: Public Works Administration.
WPA: Works Progress Administration
NRA: National Recovery Administration.
Separate PowerPoint's will be made on each of these agencies. The aim of this PowerPoint is to cover the theory behind the New Deal

24. Tennessee Valley Authority T.V.A.
The river Tennessee was transformed by
Overturning years of deforestation and soil erosion by replanting and soil conservation.
The building of a series of dams and canals.
Flood prevention.
Hydro electric power for homes and business.

25. Civilian Conservation Corps C.C.C.
The first New Deal project introduced in March 1933
Created work for 2.5 million unemployed workers
Led to tree planting and soil conservation
Bridges, dams, nature trails and picnic areas were built
Blacks were segregated and women excluded

26. Public Works Administration P.W.A.
Laws passed in Congress.
It was slow to get underway.
Capital intensive rather than labor intensive – money to T.V.A. and other organizations.
Built hospitals and roads and was involved in slum clearance.

27. Court Packing
Roosevelt would face opposition, when he began to create a policy that would allow him to pick new Supreme Court Judges to get his New Deal Passed.

28. Success or Failure? Still 6 million out of work in 1941.
The numbers fell due to enlistment and rearmament in WW2.
Black people were segregated from white.
Women were excluded from the New Deal.
Tennessee benefited but many areas were still suffering.
Reduced unemployment by 7 million
Soil conservation schemes.
The Stock Market and banks recovered.
Transformed the Tennessee valley.
Roosevelt was re-elected.