1. URBAN LAND USES
6 Land Classifications

2. Introduction
80% of Canadians work, travel, shop and spend leisure time in cities.
A variety of Land uses are required to meet the needs of individuals, governments, businesses and communities at large

3. Land Use 1 - Residential
refers to all the places where people live
often takes up to 40% or more of the developed land in cities
Residential Density: the number of housing units per square kilometer and is the most important characteristic of land use

5. Factors that Influence Land Density
Cost of Land: where the land values are low (outskirts of cities) single family homes are built; where land is more costly (downtown, along major transportation lines/intersections) apartments and multi-unit homes are built.
Age of Neighbourhood: Areas built prior before WWII, have higher densities than houses after WWII

6. Land Use 2: Transportation
about 1/3 of developed land is used for roads and highways
cities transportation system is made up of 3 different parts:
Vehicles:
Private transportation (can lead to traffic!)
Mass transit system (subways, bus, light train) can move up to 30,000 people per hour but it is very expensive to construct BUT in the long run will save us money

7. Factor 2 - Travel Paths: Expressways – designed to carry huge amounts of traffic over long distances quickly Arterial Roads – carry moderate amounts of traffic over shorter distances, from Expressways to Local Roads or from one arterial road to another Collector Roads - move traffic from local roads to arterial roads Local Roads – take people to their homes from Arterial Roads

8. Factor 3: Terminal Facilities:
At the end of a journey or transit line, terminal facilities are required
train/bus station, parking lots, airport, ferry stations

9. Land Use 3: Commercial
Includes the activities of buying and selling goods and services in retail businesses, wholesale buying and selling financial establishments, and ‘other’ business
They are important to a communities economy in that they provide jobs and encourage the flow of money into the community
Any service must have a minimum number of customers to be profitable – this minimum number is called a threshold population

10. 3 threshold populations that sell 3 different types of products:
1. Low Order Products – product or service purchased frequently
2. Middle Order Products – product or service purchased occasionally
High Order Products – product or service purchased infrequently

11. Community Shopping Centers (malls)
malls are usually found at major intersections in large cities
most shopping needs can be satisfied in centers of this type
mall built around anchor store(s) that are located at the ends of the mall
Regional Shopping Centers (Malls)
large regional shopping malls contain types of stores/activities smaller shopping centers plus specialized stores which require higher threshold populations
located in suburbs of large cities along major highways
have large parking lots to accommodate customers
focus on high/medium order products

12. Commercial Land Use – Central Business District (CBD)
CBD is called the ‘downtown’
easily identified by the greatest concentration of the tallest buildings
high demand for office space elevates land values – therefore large buildings need to be built to offset the cost of land
CBD includes financial, retail, entertainment, lawyers, banks, hotels, stock brokers, all close together
CBD may revitalize downtown area by adding a mall to compete with suburban mall

13. Land Use 4: Industrial
includes activities in factories (processing and manufacturing), warehousing (storage) and shipping products
modern cities are characterized by 4 main types of industrial land use:
CBD industries
Ribbon industries
Suburban Industrial Parks
Suburban Business Parks

19. Before the 1940’s factories were built on land near waterfronts and railway lines because:
imported products such as grains and heavy manufactured goods required waterfront
road ways were not as developed as of yet

21. near highways and near where people live now
After the 1940’s better highways and long distance trucking gave manufacturers an alternative to rail transportation – therefore, factories could move to suburban areas
near highways and near where people
live now
The old properties remaining in the CBD were:
converted into loft apartments/studios
torn down to make parking lots for office buildings
left vacant and remain an eyesore to downtown visitors

22. Land Use 5: Open Space and Recreation

23. Land Use 6: Institutional and Public Buildings
About 10% of land is occupied by schools, hospitals, government buildings and places of Worship

24. Homework
Read “Factors Affecting Land Use Patterns”
Pg. 257 – 260
Summarize factors for your notes.