1. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10 SRF: SC RF technology for higher intensity proton accelerators & higher energy electron linacs

2. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP 10 SRF

3. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP 10 Organisation

4. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10 Objectives The main activities in the SC RF Technology WP concentrate on two different areas: – cavity improvements and beam experiments. – Improved methods for cavity treatment such as vertical electro-polishing or sputter coating will be investigated. – Prototype work on superconducting (SC) crab cavities will be launched with the goal to increase the luminosity of colliders such as LHC, CLIC or ILC.

5. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 Objectives, cont. The second research activity concentrates on further developing Low Level RF techniques and on new diagnostic tools based on the analysis of Higher Order Modes (HOM). These advanced and challenging concepts and ideas will be tested in the FLASH linac, and they are important for the extreme beam stability requirements and control problems in future projects.

6. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.1 SRF Coordination and communication Coordination and scheduling of the WP tasks. Monitoring the work, informing the project management and participants within the JRA. WP budget follow-up. Deliverable: 10.1.1 SRF web-site linked to the technical and administrative databases

7. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.2 SC Cavities for Proton Linacs, Electropolishing and surface investigations Sub-task 1: Design and fabrication of b = 0.65 ; 704 MHz elliptical cavity equipped with a titanium helium reservoir. Preparation and assembly in clean room. Test of the cavity in vertical cryostat. Sub-task 2: Design and fabrication of b = 1 ; 704 MHz elliptical cavity. Preparation of the cavity and assembly in clean room. Development of a vertical EP bench. Sub-task 3: Study of interfaces between the cavity and the cryomodule.

8. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.2 Deliverables 10.2.1 Results of SC proton cavity tests (b = 1 and b = 0.65) RM33 10.2.2 Reproducibility of the process as a Function of the EP-Mixture RM36 10.2.3Summary of test results with vertical EPRM42 10.2.4 Evaluation of enhanced field emission in Nb samples RM48

9. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 SC Cavities for Proton Linacs General background : Upgrade of the LHC luminosity by replacing the injectors of the CERN complex by LINAC4, (LP-)SPL and PS2 Superconducting Proton Linac

10. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 The optimized design of the SPL accelerator is based on two families of SC cavities (beta=0.65 and beta=1.0) operating at 704.4 MHz at gradients of 19 MV/m and 25 MV/m, respectively. LP-SPL cavities freq = 704.4 MHz 2 families : =0.65 Eacc = 19MV/m 5 cells 42 cavités =1.0 Eacc = 25MV/m 5 cells 200 cavités RF Power per coupler : 1MW (for =1 cavities) New Injectors Normal ConductingSuper Conducting

11. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 1) Study and prototyping of 704 MHz cavities ( =0.65 and =1.0) ; Tests in vertical cryostat Task : SC Cavities for Proton Linacs + = vertical EP for multicells CARE/SRF : 1- cell EP set-up Vertical Chemical Polishing 2) Development at Saclay of a vertical ElectroPolishing set-up which fits the dimensions of both cavity families

12. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.3 Crab cavities Design, build and test a single LHC and CLIC crab cavity module, including input coupler, mode couplers and tuners. Design, build and test a LLRF and synchronization system that meets the crab cavity phase and amplitude control specifications for LHC and CLIC. If the beam time and the necessary hardware become available, validate and test the assembled crab system solutions and LLRF control systems on LHC and CTF3 in 2011; otherwise make performance predictions based on the measured noise characteristics.

13. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.3 Deliverables 10.3.1LHC crab cavity final reportRM36 10.3.2CLIC crab cavity final reportRM36 10.3.3LHC and CLIC LLRF final reportsRM36

14. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 LHC-CC Local vs Global Small crossing angle (~0.5 mrad): Global crab scheme is ideal choice for prototype Phase-I: – Test feasibility of crab crossing in hadron colliders, – Address all RF and beam dynamic issues, – Small orbit excursion and tune shifts, – Compatible with nominal and upgrade options to recover the geometric luminosity loss, – Collimation optimisation! – These cavities are feasible using available technology and the gradient requirements are within reach of current technology. Local crab crossing preferable (Phase-II): – Independent control at IPs, – Avoid collimation/impedance issues. Need compact cavities to fit in the IR region of the ring. Lower frequency hopefully!

15. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08

18. CLIC-CC Developments

19. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.4 Thin Films Improve the Nb sputtering technology for low beta cavities (magnetron sputtering) such as QWR to reach 6 MV/m at a Q-value of 510 8. Perform arc sputtering of photo cathodes (Pb) and test the performance of the developed systems. Research on new technologies for thin film depositing of superconductors for SC cavity applications (e.g. atomic layer deposition).

20. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.4 Deliverables 10.4.1 QE data for Pb/Nb deposited photo cathode samples RM12 10.4.2 RF measurements on thin film deposited QRW prototype RM36 10.4.3 Cold test results for the test cavities w/out the deposited lead photo cathode RM36 10.4.4 New thin film techniques for SC cavities and photo cathodes DM30

21. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 SCRF – thin film task CERN – INFN – DESY –CI – IPNO -IPJ Objectives – Improve the Nb sputtering technology for low beta cavities such as QWR to reach 6 MV/m at a Q-value of 5 10 8. – Perform arc sputtering of photo cathodes (Pb) and test the performance of the developed systems – Research on new technologies for thin film depositing of superconductors for SC cavity applications

22. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 Courtesy J. Sekutowicz

23. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 Courtesy J. Sekutowicz

24. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08

26. WP10. 5 HOM Distribution Development of HOM based beam position monitors (HOMBPM). Development of HOM Cavity Diagnostics and ERLP (HOMCD). Measurement of HOM Distributions and Geometrical Dependences (HOMDG).

27. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10. 5 Deliverables 10.5.1 HOM electronics and code to probe beam centring on 3.9 GHz cavities RM48 10.5.2 Report on HOM experimental methods and code RM48

28. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 Task 10.5 HOM based Monitors HOM based monitors for – beam diagnostics – cavity/cryo-module diagnostics – DESY, Manchester Univ. / Cockcroft Inst., Rostock Univ. – experimental studies at FLASH, ERLP, the wire test facility at CI Sub-task 1: HOM-BPMs – monitor 1 dipole mode and calculate beam position – proof of principle already made – resolution expected ~ 1 m – advantages: center beam minimize wakes critical for 3.9 GHz cav. and at low energies for the 1.3 GHz no new vacuum component HOM-couplers (pick-ups)

29. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 Task 10.5 HOM based Monitors (2) Sub-task 2: Cavity diagnostics – study the HOM spectrum in each cavity to determine: – cavity alignment – cell geometry Sub-task 3: Geometrical dependencies of HOM distributions – simulations combining finite element and S- matrix cascading techniques – multi-cavities, cell deformation, influence of couplers on spectrum etc. ~100 m rms ~300 m rms Cavity alignment in ACC4 y [mm] x [mm]

30. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP 10.6 LLRF at FLASH ATCA developments of carrier boards with FPGA and DSP. Development of AMC modules with fast analogue IO and digital IO. Development of special power drivers for AMC modules. Development of beam based feedback.

31. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP 10.6 Deliverable 10.6.1Report on system test and performanceRM42

32. Institutions DESY Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany DMCS Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Technical University of Lodz, Poland ISE Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland INP Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, Poland IPJ The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland

33. Task 6: LLRF at FLASH The present LLRF control system at FLASH does not fulfill the long term (3-10 years) requirements in several areas: Field regulation, availability, maintenance and operability. The demand for high availability (HA), modularity, standardization and long time support favours the choice of the ATCA standards with carrier boards and AMC modules. The ATCA technology comes from telecommunication industry and therefore availability of commercial boards needed for instrumentation is presently very limited but growing. The LLRF control system for FLASH will be build using a modular approach basing on ATCA architecture. The boards developed for the LLRF system can be used for other accelerator instrumentation needs including the control system.

34. Concept for LLRF based on ATCA

35. Characteristic signals for the LLRF system AMC Boards: ADC (8 inputs) Timing VM Communication module Piezo controller Diagnostic ADC Digital I/O RTM Modules: 32 ch. down-converter Carrier Board: 32 ch. down-converter AMC Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 DS P 25 x 25 DS P 25 x 25 DS P 25 x 25 ATC210 Main power regulator MM MM M M M M M M M M M M MMMM Powerreg.Powerreg. Powerreg.Powerreg. Powerreg.Powerreg. Powerreg.Powerreg. Powerreg.Powerreg. Powerreg.Powerreg. Mainf rame FPGA Powerreg.Powerreg. Powerreg.Powerreg. Powerreg.Powerreg. clkclk PC Ie swi tch clkclk G bit sw itc h clkclk User FPGA FF1513

36. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.7 SCRF gun at ELBE Installation of an energy spectrometer in the ELBE beam line for slice diagnostics and slice emittance measurements for different emittance compensation schemes. Design, build and test the set-up for preparation and application of GaAs photo cathodes in the SRF-Gun. Evaluation of critical R&D issues of SRF guns like photocathode compatibility, advanced emittance compensation and application as a high-brightness polarized electron source.

37. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.7 Deliverables 10.7.1Results of slice measurementsRM24 10.7.2Results for GaAs photocathodesRM33

38. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 EUCard - FZD

39. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 Superconducting RF Photo Gun at ELBE Unique test bench for SRF gun studies

40. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 1.New diagnostics: Slice emittance 2.Upgrade of cathode preparation & transfer system for GaAs photo cathodes 3.Study of photo cathodes (CsTe + alternative GaAs) in SRF Gun 4.Improved high- gradient cavity for SRF gun funding by German government

41. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 Photo cathode preparation lab at FZD Motivation: GaAs cathodes in a SCRF gun could produce high-brightness & polarized electron beams - injector with low emittance for ILC cathode transfer system SRF gun has sufficient vacuum (cryo pump) Modification of the preparation system Cs 2 Te -> GaAs Vacuum improvement 10- 9 mbar -> 10- 11 mbar

42. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.8 Coupler Development at LAL Cleaning, HP rinsing and tests results on samples copper plated ad TiN coated ceramics. Argon discharge cleaning measurements and coupler test Realization of a system for automatic couplers cleaning

43. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10.8 Deliverables 10.8.1 Test and operation of the upgraded coupler coating bench and coupler processing stations at LAL-Orsay RM36

44. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 TTF-III: DESY design TTF-V (LAL): based on TTF-III design TW60: LAL design Conditioning & multipacting studies on TTF-III couplers (prototypes for XFEL) Power coupler prototypes: TTF-V & TW60 Titanium-Nitride (TiN) sputtering technology against multipacting on coupler ceramic windows TiN sputtering machine Outline

45. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 TTF-V RF conditioning TTF-V coupler pair assembled for the RF tests Easy conditioning in 24 h only Next step: A TTF-V coupler pair will be conditioned at KEK following their conditioning procedure for ILC couplers (January 2009) TTF-V coupler RF conditioning Published in LINAC08 (2008) Frequency (GHz) (dB ) 1.3 GHz -30 dB -35 dB Low level RF measurements (TTF-V pair)

46. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 Sample holder Sample of ceramic window Titanium target Magnetron The sputtering machine Sputtering machine overview Sample pretreatment: RF Etching Reactive magnetron sputtering of TiN

47. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08 WP10 SRF: SC RF technology for higher intensity proton accelerators & higher energy electron linacs Yes we can

48. D.Proch EuCARD kick-off, CERN,Dec.08