1. 2.3 Measuring Biotic Components of the system
The Ecosystem
2.3 Measuring Biotic Components of the system

2. Assessment Statements
2.3.1 Construct simple keys and use published keys for the identification of organisms
2.3.2 Describe and evaluate methods for estimating abundance of organisms
2.3.3 Describe and evaluate methods for estimating the biomass of trophic levels in a community
2.3.4 Define the term Diversity
2.3.5 Apply Simpson’s diversity index and outline it’s significance

3. This is one of the activities that we will be doing in class tomorrow.
2.3.1 Construct simple keys and use published keys for the identification of organisms
This is one of the activities that we will be doing in class tomorrow.

4. Lincoln Index – capture-mark-release-recapture
2.3.2 Describe and evaluate methods for estimating abundance of organisms
Lincoln Index – capture-mark-release-recapture
It is essential that the marking is non-harmful, and non-conspicuous.
Movement of animals into and out of your sample area will give bad results.

5. 2.3.2 Describe and evaluate methods for estimating abundance of organisms
Quadrats- Used for non-mobile organisms.
Vary from .25 to 1 m squares
Select quadrant size by finding smallest quadrant that has the largest diversity
Used to calculate population density – individuals of each species per unit area.
Plant coverage determined through percentage coverage.

6. 2.3.2 Describe and evaluate methods for estimating abundance of organisms
If habitat is same throughout use, random grid.
If the habitat varies, get equal samples from each type.
If there is an environmental gradient, then place quadrats at set distances.
Percentage frequency – how many quadrats a species is in.

7. Samples are dried to a constant weight to remove water.
2.3.3 Describe and evaluate methods for estimating the biomass of trophic levels in a community
Samples are dried to a constant weight to remove water.
For plants you would take all the samples from a quadrat, and then multiply by the total number of quadrats.
Stated per unit area.

8. 2.3.4 Define the term Diversity
Diversity – based on number of different species, and relative numbers of individuals of each species.

9. 2.3.5 Apply Simpson’s diversity index and outline it’s significance
Simpson’s Diversity Index compares the total organisms, to the total types of species.
If it is high, it suggests a stable and ancient site.
If it is low, it suggests pollution, recent colonization, or agricultural management.