1. Cancer Awareness
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2. What is a Cancer?
Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.
The cancerous cells can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue, including organs.
Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.
This produces a lump of abnormal cells known as a tumour. Tumours are either benign (non cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
The cancerous cells can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue, including organs. 01

3. There are over 200 different types of cancer.
Most Common:
Breast
Cervical/Ovarian
Lung
Bowel
Most Common:
Prostate
Bowel
Lung
Testicular 02

4. Breast Cancer Symptoms Each year
1,000 women are diagnosed = 300 deaths due to breast cancer
Men can also be diagnosed!
Symptoms
Breast Screening
Woman aged every 3 years
Women over 70 are entitled but not routinely invited
Available with GP or breast screening units
Symptoms
a change in the size, shape or feel of a breast
a new lump or thickening in a breast or armpit
skin changes such as puckering, dimpling, a rash or redness of the skin
fluid leaking from a nipple in a woman who isn’t pregnant or breastfeeding
changes in the position of a nipple
pain in a breast
When to check?
Every month!
Breast Screening
Woman aged every 3 years
Women over 70 are entitled but not routinely invited 03

5. Prostate Cancer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwdWMfhH8PU Each year
900 men are diagnosed
200 deaths due to prostate cancer
Click on the picture to play video
Prostate cancer is now easier to detect and treat but it is important that men come forward as early as possible. 04

6. Aged 60-74 offered screening every 2 years
Bowel Cancer
Any cancer that affects the colon (large bowel) and rectum (back passage)
Every year in Northern Ireland 1,100 people are diagnosed and over 400 people die from bowel cancer, making it Northern Ireland’s second biggest cancer killer.
Why Screen For Bowel Cancer?
• If bowel cancer is detected at a very early stage then treatment can be 90% successful
• This means that around 60 deaths could be prevented in Northern Ireland each year
Screening Overview
• Men and women aged 60 to 71 are eligible for screening
• These people will receive a letter, a leaflet explaining the test and a home testing kit in the post every two years
• Recipients are asked to collect small stool samples on a special card and send the kit to a screening laboratory for examination
• If blood is found in the sample you will be invited for more tests. Blood in your stools does not always mean cancer
• The results are issued within two weeks of sending in the test
• Around 98 in 100 people will receive a normal result
• Research shows that regular bowel cancer screening reduces the risk of dying from bowel cancer by 16%.
Bowel Screening
Men and Women
Aged offered screening every 2 years 05

7. Cervical Cancer
In NI every year 95 women are diagnosed and each year 25 women die.
Early detection and treatment can prevent 7 out of 10 cases of this cancer.
Cervical screening saves up to 5,000 lives from cervical cancer every year in the UK
Women aged are invited every 3 years.
Women aged are invited every 5 years. 06

8. Smear tests do not detect ovarian cancer.
163 females in Northern Ireland are diagnosed with ovarian cancer and over 117 lives are lost each year to the disease.
Smear tests do not detect ovarian cancer.
Approximately 163 females in Northern Ireland are diagnosed with ovarian cancer and over 117 lives are lost each year to the disease. Smear tests do not detect ovarian cancer.
Ovarian cancer is most common in women who have had the menopause (usually over the age of 50), but it can affect women of any age.
At the moment there is no reliable screening test for detecting ovarian cancer in the general population, however there are clinical trials looking into developing such screening. The following tests may be carried out to check for ovarian cancer when there are concerns:
• Internal examination
• A blood test for CA125 - It’s normal to have some CA125 in the blood, but the level may be higher in women with ovarian cancer
• Transvaginal ultrasound scan - A small device is placed into your vagina. As before the device produces sound waves which are then converted into a picture by a computer.
• CT (CAT) Scan - A series of x-rays which build up a three-dimensional picture of inside of the body
• Laparoscopy - A small operation which allows the doctor to look at the ovaries and the surrounding area. It is done under a general anaesthetic, and may mean a short stay in hospital.
• Laparotomy - Sometimes cancer of the ovary cannot be definitely diagnosed before a full operation (laparotomy) is performed
Detection
Internal examination
A blood test for CA125
CT Scan
Laparoscopy
Laparotomy 07

9. Lung Cancer Symptoms 1,000 each year = 9 out of 10 Persistent cough
Shortness of breath
Persistent chest pain
Loss of appetite
Tiredness
Unexplained weight loss
Coughing up phlegm with traces of blood
A thousand cases each year and 9 out of 10 are smokers.
1,000 each year = 9 out of 10 08

10. Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged between 15 and 45 years.
Testicular cancer is a growth or tumour which appears in one of the testicles (which are commonly known as ‘balls’). The testicles are the male reproductive organs contained within a bag of skin called the scrotum which hangs below the penis.
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged between 15 and 45 years. There are approximately 60 men diagnosed with testicular cancer per year in Northern Ireland.
Testicular Self Examination – the shower is the best place to carry this out
• Support the testicles and scrotum in the palm of the hand. It is common to have one testicle slightly larger than the other, or which hangs lower than the other.
• If one feels heavier than the other this could indicate something is wrong.
• Gently examine each testicle in turn. Using both hands, roll each testicle between the thumb and fingers.
• You should feel a soft tube at the top and back of the testicle. This irregular sausage-like structure is called the epididymis which stores and transports sperm. This is often confused as something abnormal however, it is a normal part of a man’s anatomy.
• Feel the testicle itself – it should be smooth with no lumps or swellings. 09

11. Skin Cancer
Play Video 10

12. How to Prevent? Balanced Diet Physical Activity Quit Smoking
Reduce Alcohol 11

13. Further Information & Help
Macmillan Support Line free on , Monday to Friday 9am to 8pm, or visit macmillan.org.uk
Chest Heart and Stroke (also advise and help with cancer) - Advice Line Nurses on or visit chss.org.uk 12

14. Any Questions?

15. Thank You