1. Chemistry: Structure of Matter

2. The structure of matter
What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass
All matter is made up of atoms
Matter made up of only one kind of atom is called an element
Elements can be found on the periodic table

3. ELEMENT What is an element?
A substance that is made up of only one type of atom
Cannot be broken down into other substances chemically
EX: gold, silver, iron

4. Ex: gold

5. compound
Made up of two or more different types of atoms that are combined.
EX: water
Water is made of
2 atom of hydrogen
1 atoms of oxygen

6. substances A substance is made up of two or more atoms.
Can be an element
Can be a compound.

8. The Periodic Table lists every known element in the universe!
Lesson Extension to Next Slide: While there are over 100 known elements listed…only 90 occur naturally on the earth.

10. Is this substance an
element?
No, because it is made of more than 1 kind of atom.

11. Is it an element now?
No, because it is made of more than 1 kind of atom.

12. Is it an element now?
Yes! Because it is made of only one kind of atom.

13. YES! Gold is made of only gold atoms. Is gold an element?
Suggest you change this to Gold is made of only one kind of atom.

14. NO! Water is made up of two kinds of atoms bonded together.
Is water an element?
NO!

15. Water is NOT an element!
It is made of more than one kind of atom. Water is a molecule of hydrogen and oxygen atoms bonded together.
Suggested Talking Points: The elements that water is made up of are hydrogen and oxygen.
Suggestions Lesson Extension: Have students locate them on the periodic table. Would they be classified as metals or non-metals? Also have them find the definition of a “chemical compound” or “compound” and have a discussion about other types of common compounds they come into contact with often.

16. Atoms vs. compounds
What is the smallest particle an element could be divided into and still retain the properties of that element?
an ATOM
Atoms make up molecules, which is defined as two or more atoms bonded together.
for example: CO2 and H2O are compounds.

17. Check yourself a) b) c) d) Which ones are an atom?
Which ones are elements?
Which ones are compounds?

18. Check yourself a) b) c) d) Which ones are an atom? c
Which ones are elements? a, c, d
Which ones are compounds? b

19. Mass and Weight? Mass is a measure of how much matter an object has
Weight is a downward force due to gravity
On the surface of Earth they are directly related:
Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x 10

20. Mixtures Two or more substances are called a mixture
Homogeneous - all the same
Heterogeneous – different substances
BrainPop: Compounds and mixtures
poundsandmixtures/

21. mixtures
Homogeneous :- Materials that make up the mixture is uniformly spread out.
Particles will never settle , not easily seen. Ex, salty water mixture.
Also called a solution

22. mixtures
Heterogeneous :- Materials that make up the mixture is easily distinguished.
Parts can easily be seen with or without a microscope. Ex: pizza

23. Tricky Mixtures Solution: very small particles; light can pass through
Colloid: larger particles, light gets scattered – they appear murky or opaque. Examples: milk and fog
Suspension: Even larger particles, light cannot get through and they appear very murky. They will eventually separate like oil & water, and can be filtered to separate compounds. Examples: salad dressings, blood, and aerosol sprays

24. Notes summary:
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
Two or more substances are called a mixture. A compound

25. Basic Chemistry
Everything is made up of these 2 things: Matter and Energy
Matter – has mass and occupies space
Energy – ability to do work

26. Matter
Can change forms
It can be a liquid, solid, or gas

27. Basic Chemistry
Energy can change forms: Solar cells change light to electrical energy, Steam Engine Heat to Motion (Kinetic Energy)
UP Steam Engine

28. energy
Cells convert (food) chemical energy to cellular energy.

29. Principle of Conservation of Mass
Mass cannot be created nor destroyed. It just changes forms.
Example: burning a log
After it has burned, the log is lighter. What happened?
Some of the mass was converted from solid to gas.

30. Principle of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Applies only to normal chemical reactions, NOT nuclear reactions.
In nuclear reactions, energy and mass can be destroyed or created.
E=MC2
E is energy, M is mass, C is the speed of light
MASS IS CHANGED INTO ENERGY in nuclear reactions

31. Side note: The Nature of Science
These last 2 principles used to be referred to as “Laws” – meaning it was thought to be an absolute fact.
Nuclear theory blew that idea out of the water – literally.
This is why it is important for scientists to be cautious about their conclusions. They say “This is our current belief on a specific principle, based upon the evidence collect so far”.
It’s why we say “our hypothesis was supported” instead of “right”