1. Technology and Ethics
L. Grewe
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2. Overview Rapid Pace of Change Technology evolution and examples
Issues and Themes
Ethics - introduced
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3. Rapid Pace of Change 1940s: The first computer is built
1956: First hard-disk drive weighed a ton and stored five megabytes
1991: Space shuttle had a one-megahertz computer
2006: Pocket devices hold a terabyte (one trillion bytes) of data
2006: Automobiles can have 100-megahertz computers
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4. Rapid Pace of Change 1990s-2000s: WWW
2000s: Social Networking: myspace (2003), facebook, twitter and more
Bullying, stalking, child protection issues
2000s: Cell phones and Mobile devices boom to billions.
Greater issues of privacy
Changes in social interactions
2010s: Autonomous vehicles, vision and AI
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5. Rapid Pace of Change: Discussion Question
What devices are now computerized that were not originally? Think back 10, 20, 50 years ago.
In addition to automobiles you can prompt the class with the following:
TVs
Clocks and watches
Phones
Cash registers
Cameras
Ovens
Etc.
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6. Tech evolution / examples
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7. WWW& communications Communication and the Web
Blogs (“Web log”) began as outlets for amateurs wanting to express ideas, but they have become significant source of news and entertainment.
Inexpensive video cameras and video-manipulation tools have resulted in a burst of amateur videos.
Many videos on the Web can infringe copyrights owned by entertainment companies.

8. WWW &Ecommerce
Amazon.com started in 1994 selling books on the Web. It has grown to be one of the most popular, reliable, and user-friendly commercial sites. (taking over from physical stores)
eBay.com facilitates online auctions.
Traditional brick-and-mortar business have established Web sites.
Online sales in the United States now total hundreds of billions of dollars a year.
Sellers can sell directly to buyers, resulting in a peer-to-peer economy.
Media (movies/video) prevalent on WWW (taking over cable?)
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9. Video Video Sharing: Rise of amateur videos on the web
Boom of websites like Youtube and Myspace
Many videos on the web can infringe copyrights owned by entertainment companies
Video technology
surveillance, navigation, entertainment, medical
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10. Cell phones/ mobile
Can now be used for travel, last minute planning, taking pictures and downloading music
Talking on cell phones while driving is a problem
Cell phones can interfere with solitude, quiet and concentration
Cameras in cell phones and privacy issues
Some states have passed laws prohibiting use of hand-held devices. Recent studies show hands-free devices, while freeing up the hands, do not reduce distractions, particularly among young adult and teenage drivers who often text message while driving.
Cameras in cell phones threaten privacy. Where is the line between capturing news events and evidence of crimes, and voyeurism?
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11. Social Networking
First online social networking site was in 1995
Myspace, founded in 2003 had roughly 100 million member profiles by 2006
Facebook was started at Harvard as an online version of student directories
Sites like Second Life ( combine many of the features of social networking sites with the 3-D aspects of video games. What new problems/benefits arise when a person can take on a physical persona (an avatar) that may be completely different from who they are in real life? Some people with physical disabilities can interact with others without revealing their handicap.
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12. Security Big issue today
People were reluctant to provide credit card information to make online purchases, so PayPal.com grew out of need for trusted intermediary to handle payments.
Encryption and secure servers made payments safer.
The Better Business Bureau established a Web site to help consumers see if others have complained about a business.
Auction sites implemented rating systems.
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13. Free stuff WWW has lots of free stuff
programs and accounts, browsers, filters, firewalls, encryption software, word processors, spreadsheets, software for viewing documents, software to manipulate photos and video, and much more
Phone services using VOIP such as Skype
Craigslist classified ad site
University lectures

14. Advertising rules
Advertising pays for many free sites and services, but not all.
Wikipedia funded through donations.
Businesses provide some services for good public relations and as a marketing tool.
Generosity and public service flourish on the Web. Many people share their expertise just because they want to.
BUT??? Can it be invasive
Some free programs and services do not have all the features of the paid versions.
In order for companies to earn ad revenue to fund multimillion-dollar services, many free sites collect information about our online activities and sell it to advertisers.

15. Artificial Intelligence
A branch of computer science that makes computers perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence.
Researchers realized that narrow, specialized skills were easier for computers than what a five-year-old does: recognize people, carry on a conversation, respond intelligently to the environment.
Many AI applications involve pattern recognition.
Speech recognition is now a common tool.
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16. AI and the Turing Test A Fun Fact –how to tell if really intelligent
Turing Test: If the computer convinces the human subject that the computer is human, the computer is said to “pass”.
Philosopher John Searle argues that computers cannot be intelligent. They do not think; they manipulate symbols. They do so at a very high speed, and they can store, access, and manipulate a huge quantity of data, but they are not conscious. They do not understand; they simulate understanding.
Searle might say that although Watson won at Jeopardy!, Watson does not know it won.

17. Robots
Robots
Mechanical devices that perform physical tasks traditionally done by humans.
Can operate in environments that are hazardous for people.
Robots inspect undersea structures and communication cables, search for survivors in buildings collapsed by bombs or earthquakes, explore volcanoes and other planets, and move or process nuclear and other hazardous wastes.

18. Human Assistive Technologies
Mobility & Understanding
Restoration of abilities, productivity and independence
Screen readers and scanners
Speech recognition
Prosthetics and motion sensors
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19. Smart Sensors Smart sensors, motion, and control
Motion sensing devices are used to give robots the ability to walk, trigger airbags in a crash, and protect laptops when dropped.
Sensors can detect leaks, acceleration, position, temperature, and moisture.
Used in AI, Vision, Robotics, and more
Your Cell phone has them
Accelerometer or mems (microelectromechanical systems) are tiny motion-sensing and gravity-sensing devices that collect status data. Complex software interprets the data and determines the necessary motions, and then sends signals to motors.
Wearware refers to clothing with special sensors.

20. Self Driving Cars To replace human driver Multiple sensors
What happens in an accident? Who is liable?
Accelerometer or mems (microelectromechanical systems) are tiny motion-sensing and gravity-sensing devices that collect status data. Complex software interprets the data and determines the necessary motions, and then sends signals to motors.
Wearware refers to clothing with special sensors.

21. How about blindBike
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22. What’s Next? Medical records on chips attached to medical bracelets
Biological and computer sciences will combine new ways to insert micro-processors or controlled devices on human bodies
Drones and delivery?
Augmented Reality
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23. Discussion Question
Tech1.1) What changes and new developments do you expect in the next 50 years?
Tech1.2) How will life be different than it is today?
Post your answers on the discussion board.
Some ideas to add to the discussion:
Wearable computers
Enhanced intelligence (via instant communications and/or direct computer interface)
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24. Issues Unemployment Alienation and addiction Crime Loss of privacy
Errors
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25. Society and Technology
Is technology good?
How does it effect us as human beings
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26. The physical side of things
Overuse of mobile devices – neck and hand injuries
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27. Issue – communication changes
No longer look at each other
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28. Issues- the psychological
Addiction
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29. Issues - Truth Social media – can you trust it
Winner takes all attitude
Trusting your friends more than experts
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30. An OMG moment
Read this article –do you agree? Then I guess we can all just listen to our friends and become supremely EQ (emotional intelligence)
Are things changing?
NOTE: I came across this image and couldn’t help sharing –I personally don’t believe this

31. Themes
Themes:
Old problems in a new context: crime, pornography, violent fiction
Adapting to new technology: thinking in a new way
Varied sources of solutions to problems: natural part of change and life
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32. Themes
Global reach of net: ease of communication with distant countries
Trade-offs and controversy: increasing security means reducing convenience
Difference between personal choices, business policies, and law
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33. End of Net Neutrality Passed Dec. 2017
Companies Comcast and Verizon may soon be free to block content, slow video-streaming services from rivals, and offer “fast lanes” to preferred partners
ban states from passing their own versions of the old rules. 
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34. End of Net Neutrality
shift towards subscriptions that provide unlimited access to certain preferred providers while charging extra for everything else????
End of Entrepenuership
Net neutrality is incredibly important for small startups like Discord because all internet traffic needs to be treated as equal for us all to have access to the same resources as the big companies," says Jason Citron, co-founder and CEO of the videogame-centric chat and video-conferencing app Discord.
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35. End of Net Neutrality
Comcast customers in 28 states face 1 terabyte data caps. Going over that limit costs subscribers as much as an additional $50 a month.
Comcast could take a page from Verizon and stop customers from accessing any 4K content unless they pay for an unlimited account. And it could charge companies to sponsor data for their customers.
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36. Ethics What is Ethics: Study of what it means to “do the right thing”
Assumes people are rational and make free choices
Rules to follow in our interactions and our actions that affect others
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37. Ethics (cont.) Ethical Views:
Deontological – right/wrong of action (not consequences)
Utilitarianism - moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility in maximizing happiness or pleasure as summed among all persons (consequences matter)
Natural rights – loose = any moral theory that holds that some positive moral claims are literally true. (natural law)
No simple answers
Do organizations (businesses) have ethics?
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38. Ethics (cont.) Important Distinctions: Right, wrong and okay
Negative rights (liberties)
The right to act without interference
merely obliges others to refrain from interfering with someone's attempt to do something
Positive rights (claim-rights)
An obligation of some people to provide certain things for others
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39. Ethics A variety of ethical views: Golden rules
Treat others as you would want them to treat you.
Contributing to society
Doing one’s work honestly, responsibly, ethically, creatively, and well is virtuous.
Social contracts and a theory of political justice
People willingly submit to a common law in order to live in a civil society.

40. Ethics Important Distinctions Difference between wrong and harm
Personal preference and ethics
Law and Ethics
Do organizations have ethics?
Ultimately, it is individuals who are making decisions and taking actions. We can hold both the individuals and the organization responsible for their acts.
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41. Ethics Discussion Question
Tech1.3) Can you think of examples of liberties (negative rights) and claim-rights (positive rights) that are at opposition to each other?
Post your answer on the discussion board
This question is the foundation for many issues and controversies discussed in later chapters. One example you can introduce here is the right to freedom of speech versus the need to protect children from materials that are inappropriate for them. Have the class identify who the affected parties are. What are the negative and positive rights for the different parties? Note: the laws pertaining to this issue are discussed in chapter three.
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