2. Plantation world From a society with slaves to a slave society
Rights of the Englishmen!...
One group lost rights after 1680s
Virginia & Maryland changed after Bacon’s Rebellion
Institution became more rigidly defined & more tied to race
Europeans were free
Indians were excluded from colonies
Africans were seen as slaves
Mixed races were marginalized, or slaves

3. Atlantic slave trade Relatively few went to North America
Between , million Africans were forced across the Atlantic

4. Atlantic slave trade Relatively few went to North America
Between , million Africans were forced across the Atlantic

5. Slave trade in africa
New state in West Africa like Asante, Dahomey, & Oyo emerged
Benin refused
Some grew rich
Disaster
Warfare, fear, lost population/strength
Pg. 100

6. Middle Passage
The voyage where slaves were taken from West Africa to the Americas
Took about 7 weeks
Nearly a quarter died
1st generation: early1600s, came form coast, familiar with each other & European culture, some dignity
Trading partners for about 100 years
Later generations: further inland, lost of self respect
Until mid-1700s, bout a quarter who made it died within a year

8. Slave Revolts
White colonists depended on slave labor, and lived in constant fear
Georgia was a tense boundary (England & Spain)
Spain offered freedom, just convert to Catholicism
Early 1700s, many slaves made it to Florida
Some already Catholic (Kongo)
Line of defense

9. Slave revolts Stono Slave Rebellion of 1739 1741 NY fires
Largest slave uprising before Revolution
60 slaves from S. Carolina
Walked off plantations, armed themselves, burned buildings, killed those who got in their way
S. Carolina restricted slave importation and assembly of slaves
1741 NY fires
…blamed slaves
30 Africans & 4 whites hanged or burned
MASS HYSTERIA

10. Stability &instability
Act of Union
1707 vote by Scottish & English Parliaments to become one nation of Great Britain
English colonies became British North America
1707, people living in N. America had never seen Britain
People still poor, but desperate starvation time was done
Plantations making lots of $
But full of uncertainty

11. Salem witch trials 1692
Harsh winter , tensions in Massachusetts
New England under siege by indians & French Canadians
Maine communities attacked and fled near Salem
Poor residents resented better off neighbors
Women
Lived unwillingly in submissive gender roles
If assertive or lived alone or of non-English background… not trusted
MASS HYSTERIA
Ended as quickly as it began, fall 1692 people started to have doubts. 1693, all over
Judge Samuel Sewall apologized, asked God’s pardon
Legal action taken against 144
6 men & 14 women were executed
Almost all accusers were women under 25

14. women mid 1700s, culture divided into public & private realms
Women kept in private realm
Urban had some more opportunity
…90% of British residents lived on farms
Running out of land  move to more isolated area
Men still went to town, women: pregnant, nursing, daily chores, playing role of physician
Bottom of social hierarchy?

15. Growth of cities 1700, about 250,000 people (European & African)
Doesn’t include Indians
Boston: 8,000
New York: 6,000
Philadelphia: 2,000
Charleston: 2,000
Capital of New Spain, New Mexico: 100,000
London: over 500,000

16. Growth of cities 1700: 1775: Boston: 8,000 17,500
1700: :
Boston: 8, ,500
New York: 6, ,500
Philadelphia: 2, ,000
Charleston: 2, ,000
Cities emerged as significant trading centers for British world
…good harbors

18. Growth of cities Britain’s dominance of the ocean-based commerce
Slaves, tea, naval building, food, and supplies to Caribbean plantations (much more $ than anything in N. America)
Cities became safer
Vaccinations, smallpox
Boston clergyman Cotton Mather, 1721
Read about a Turkish doctor who infected healthy people

19. Commercial attitudes, commercial success
Economy changed dramatically
Economy had been organized around mercantilism
Government intervenes to increase national wealth
World’s wealth was finite
For someone to gain, someone had to lose
New trade developed leads capitalism
Adam Smith 1776, trade is source of wealth rather than exchange of goods, wealth can expand

20. Triangular Trade