1. Introduction FIFO LIFO AVCO
UNIT – 2: Accounting for Material
Introduction FIFO LIFO AVCO
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

2. Introduction
As inventory is usually purchased at different rates (or manufactured at different costs) over an accounting period, there is a need to determine what cost needs to be assigned to inventory. For instance, if a company purchased inventory three times in a year at SAR 50, SAR 60 and SAR 70, what cost must be attributed to inventory at the year end?
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

3. Inventory (stock) valuation
A good estimate of closing stock is provided by three methods of stock valuation:
First-In-First-Out (FIFO) Method
Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) Method
Average Cost (AVCO) Method
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

4. First-In-First-Out (FIFO) Method
In this method we assume that the first set of inventory received is the first to leave the warehouse. The resulting ending inventory will be valued at current prices.
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

5. First-In-First-Out (FIFO) Method
Example
Bike LTD purchased 10 bikes during January and sold 6 bikes, details of which are as follows:
January 1 : Purchased 5 $50 each
January 5: Sold 2 bikes
January 10 : Sold 1 bike
January 15 : Purchased 5 70 each
January 25 : Sold 3 bikes
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

6. With reference to FIFO method, complete the following table
Date
Purchase
Issues
Inventory
Units
$/Units
$ Total
Jan 1
Jan 5
Jan 10
Jan 15
Jan 25 1 70 4
280
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

7. Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) Method
In this method we assume that the last set of inventory received is the first to leave the warehouse. The resulting ending inventory will be valued at older prices.
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

8. Example (LIFO) Same example
College Of Business Administration - Jazan University
Example (LIFO) Same example
Date
Purchase
Issues
Inventory
Units
$/Units
$ Total
Jan 1
Jan 5
Jan 10
Jan 15
Jan 25 2 70
140 4
240
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani
Trabelsi Slaheddine (c) 2013

9. Average Cost (AVCO) Method
College Of Business Administration - Jazan University
Average Cost (AVCO) Method
In this method, each time goods are purchased we calculate a new average cost of inventory. The average cost is calculated using the equation Average cost of inventory= Total value of goods on hand ÷ Quantity of goods on hand The resulting ending inventory will be valued at the last calculated average.
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani
Trabelsi Slaheddine (c) 2013

10. Example: (same example)
Date
Purchase
Issues
Inventory
Units
$/Units
$ Total
Jan 1
Jan 5
Jan 10
Jan 15
Average Cost of Inventory
Jan 25 3
64.286 4
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

11. Exercise 1:
Cindy Sheppard runs a candy shop. She enters into the following transactions during July:
July 1 Purchases 1,200 lollypops at $1 each
July 13 Purchases 500 lollypops at $1.20 each.
July 14 Sells 700 lollypops at $2 each.
Calculate the value of inventory in the end of the month
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani

12. Exercise 2:
1 Mar opening balance $9 2 Mar purchase $6 4 Mar sell Mar sell Mar purchase $8 15 Mar purchase $5 22 Mar sell Mar purchase $2 28 Mar sell Mar purchase $3 31 Mar sell 700 What is the closing balance if this business uses the FIFO , LIFO, ACCO method?
P. Chinna Sahaya Rani