1. Chapter 14 Acids and Bases
CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)
CO2(g) + H2O(l) + CaSO4(aq)
14.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases
Learning Goal Write balanced equations for reactions of acids with metals, carbonates, and bases.
A marble statue in Washington Square Park that has been eroded by acid rain.
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2. Acids react with metals such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, and Sn
Acids with Metals
Acids react with metals
such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, and Sn
to produce hydrogen gas and the metal salt
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3. Reactions: Acids and Metals
Chemical equations
2K(s) HCl(aq) KCl(aq) + H2(g)
Zn(s) HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Net ionic equations
2K(s) H+(aq) K+(aq) + H2(g)
Zn(s) H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g)
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4. Acids React with Carbonates, Bicarbonates
Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen
carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas, a salt, and water.
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s)
CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(s)
CO2(g) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
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5. Acids React with Carbonates, Bicarbonates
When sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) reacts with an acid (vinegar), the products are carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt.
HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3(s)
CO2(g) + NaC2H3O2 (aq) + H2O(l)
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6. Acids React with Hydroxides
Neutralization is the reaction between a strong or weak acid and a strong base to produce salt and water.
NaOH + HCl(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
The H+ of an acid and the OH− of the base combine to form water:
Na+(aq) + OH−(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl−(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) + H2O(l)
H+(aq) + OH−(aq) H2O(l)
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7. Balancing Neutralization Reactions
In a neutralization reaction
one H+ always reacts with one OH−
the equation may need coefficients to balance the H+ from the acid with the OH− from the base
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8. Guide to Balancing Neutralization Reactions
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9. Learning Check
Write the balanced equation for the neutralization of magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid.
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10. Step 1 Write the reactants and products.
Solution
Write the balanced equation for the neutralization of magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid.
Step 1 Write the reactants and products.
Mg(OH)2(aq) + HNO3(aq)  H2O(l) + salt
Step 2 Balance the H+ in the acid with the OH− in the base.
Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq)  H2O(l) + salt
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11. Step 3 Balance the H2O with the H+ and the OH−.
Solution
Write the balanced equation for the neutralization of magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid.
Step 3 Balance the H2O with the H+ and the OH−.
Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq)  2H2O(l) + salt
Step 4 Write the salt from the remaining ions.
Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) 
2H2O(l) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
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