1. Innovations of Ancient Egypt

2. Medicine
Many early civilizations believed illness was caused by evil spirits. Egyptians began to study the body and discovered that they could use medicines to cure certain illnesses
The first doctors and dentists started in Egypt
Because there was so much sand in Egypt, people developed problems with their eyes, teeth, and stomachs

3. Medicine
Since Egyptians mummified bodies and removed organs, they knew more about the human body than any civilization until the Greeks.
Anatomy is the study of the human body
Egyptians had knowledge of different organs: heart, kidneys, lungs, and brain

4. Architecture The Egyptians had extensive knowledge of architecture
Architecture- The process of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and structures

5. Architecture
The Egyptians understood that to create strong structures, they had to have a solid foundation, understand the importance of measurements and angles
The Egyptians made their pyramids, temples, and public buildings on a very large scale
Today, many government buildings, civic centers, and important places of worship are designed in a similar style.

6. Reading and Writing At one time, all language was spoken.
The Egyptians began using pictures as a form of writing. Each picture represented an idea or a word.
Hieroglyphics allowed Egyptians to track their business transactions, praise their rulers, and record their history.

7. Paper
Paper was made out of a plant called papyrus, which grew along the banks of the Nile River
The invention of paper was important because now writing could be transported (moved from place to place)
The Egyptians also developed ink and a stylus (like a pen)

8. Paper
The development of written language and the creation of papyrus enabled Egyptians to:
Communicate among themselves and their neighbors
Keep track of religious beliefs
Farmers kept track of crops
Merchants kept track of items they sold
Ideas and inventions could be written down
Laws and rules could be posted for everyone to see
It also ensured their beliefs, ideas, and knowledge could be passed down to future generations and civilizations. Much of what we know about ancient Egyptians today comes from their written records.

9. Rosetta Stone
For centuries, archaeologists struggled to understand hieroglyphics.
In 1799, French soldiers found a large rock near the city of Rashid, which was also known as Rosetta.
It was inscribed with one message written in three different scripts.
Greek
Hieroglyphics
Demotic script (another form of Egyptian writing)
Scholars realized the message was the same in all three scripts and were finally able to decipher the hieroglyphics by using the Greek translation.
The rock is on display at the British Museum in London.

10. Today, Rosetta Stone is a company used to teach people different languages.
Why do you think they call their company Rosetta Stone?
Look at their logo. What does it look like to you?

11. Math
In addition to a system of writing, Egyptians also created numerals and had an understanding of mathematical concepts
The Egyptian numeric system was similar to that used by the Romans. Individual symbols were used for 1, 10, 100, and so on.
The Egyptians also understood mathematical concepts and operations. Documents show examples of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems. Egyptians also could solve more complex problems using fractions and basic concepts of geometry.

12. Ships Invented large ships out of cedar (wood) that was imported
Allowed travel up and down the Nile River and Mediterranean Coast
The pieces of cedar wood were tied together with reeds
Egyptian ships used oars, as many as 20 a side on
The also used sails to catch the wind

13. Trade Networks
Ancient Egyptian merchants used trade networks to ship their goods throughout the ancient world.
Export- Goods that are traded away or going out
Import- Goods that you trade for or receiving
As they traded, Egyptians brought their innovations to other civilizations