1. Ancient Egypt

3. MUMMIES,
TOMBS,
& TREASURE

4. Egyptian Geography PROVIDED PROTECTION located in the
northeast corner of
Africa
surrounded by natural
barriers:
desert
mountains
Mediterranean Sea
PROVIDED PROTECTION

7. Egypt and the Nile

8. The Nile River Flooded every year Provided fertile soil for crops
Was the “Lifeline” for Egypt
Transportation Route
Used for Irrigation
Flows south to north
Mouth = “Delta”

9. Ancient Egyptian Time An Explanation BC - Means "Before Christ"
First, the Egyptians developed a lunar calendar of 354 days.
In time, the Egyptians created a more accurate 360-day solar calendar
BC - Means "Before Christ"
AD - Means "Anno Domini" (The Year of Our Lord)
Both of these terms were adopted during the early formation of the Roman/Christian calendar.

10. Food Irrigation systems watered crops
Main crops were barley, wheat and flax
Main food was bread and beer, fish, vegetables and fruit. Only the wealthy ate meat.

11. Clothing Egypt’s weather is very warm People wore linen robes
Women wore make-up and jewelry
People shaved their heads and wore wigs for special occasions.

12. Egyptian Social Pyramid
Egyptian Social Classes were based on wealth, job and education

13. Homes People built homes from mud bricks
More important people had better houses.
Only the wealthy had “bathrooms”

14. Language
Egyptians developed a form of picture or symbol writing known as hieroglyphics.

15. Pharaohs The king or ruler of Egypt was called a Pharaoh.
The Pharaoh was seen as a god.
Everyone worked for the pharaoh.
When he died, the pharaoh was mummified and buried in a beautiful chamber along with his belongings.
Like all civilizations, Egyptians had the need for laws. The Pharaoh was the supreme judge of what was right and wrong under the law.

16. Religion The Egyptians believed in many gods.
Egyptians prayed to different gods who controlled different things.
They built temples and shrines to honor their gods.
The Egyptians believed in an “afterlife.”

17. Anubis – God of Preserving the Dead Ra – God of the Sun
Horus – God of the Sky
Anubis – God of Preserving the Dead
Ra – God of the Sun
Osiris – God of the Dead and the Underworld

18. The Great Pyramids Religious Beliefs
Religion was at the center of Egyptian life
Practiced polytheism - worship of many gods
Egyptian gods were often pictured as an animal or as a person’s body with an animal’s head.

19. The Great Pyramids Egyptian gods:
The story of Osiris & Isis is the basis for the Egyptian belief in the afterlife
Osiris: gave Egypt civilization, was killed by his jealous brother, Seth, who scattered his body in the Nile.
Isis: wife of Osiris, gathered up his body parts and returned him to life.
Re (Ra): (Horus) Sun-god, recognized by all Egyptians, son of Osiris & Isis

20. AFTERLIFE CENTRAL BELIEF IN EGYPTIAN LIFE
if the body was preserved, then the soul could continue to live
PRACTICE
Mummification-preserving the bodies of the dead by embalming, then wrapping them in linen - “Mummies”
The dry climate of Egypt helped to preserve the bodies naturally, at first.
The Pharaoh was the first to be mummified - artificially.
During the Old Kingdom, only the Pharaoh's body went through the elaborate ritual of mummification. If the Pharaoh was preserved, then he would see all of his subjects safely to their afterlife.

21. Mummification
Egyptians believed that when people die, they move on to another world.
Since people needed their body in the afterlife, it would need to be “preserved.”
The process of mummification was developed.

22. The Process of Mummification
First they would remove the organs. These would go into canopic jars.
They would take the brain out through the nose.
They packed the body with natron (a salt mixture) that would remove all the moisture.
After several weeks, they would apply oil, wrap the body in bandages and place the body in a sarcophagus. They would put a decorated mask on the body.
The body would be put in a chamber with all the things needed for the afterlife…food, riches, etc.

23. Mummy Making For Fun you can check out one of these websites