1. Chapter 30 / Chapter 31 * 8 9 10 PowerNotes 31.1 11 Lab Infections 12
Date
Assignment/notes/ outline/worksheet
Page #
Homework Stamp
11/17
Notes ch 30-1 and Vocab 1 *
Study Guide Ch 30 -1 2
11/18
Power Notes 30-2 3
Study Guide 30 -2 4
11/19
Heart Drawing 5
Notes: Section 30.3 Heart and Circulation 6
11/22
Study Guide 30.3 7
11/23
Chapter 30 Test 8
11/24
Signs of Heart Attack 9
11/29
Study Guide 31.1 10
PowerNotes 31.1 11
11/30
Lab Infections 12
12/1
31.2 PowerNotes 13
Study Guide 31.2 14
12/2
Quiz 31-1 and 31-2 15

2. Section 31-3 “Immune Response”
Write everything that is BLACK

3. KEY CONCEPT The immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells

4. Inflammation: a nonspecific response that is characterized
Nonspecific responses are the same for every pathogen
Inflammation: a nonspecific response that is characterized
by swelling, redness, pain
itching, increased warmth
capillary wall
extracellular space
white blood cell

5. An inflammation response begins when mast cells or basophils release chemicals called histamines in response to a pathogen invasion.
capillary wall
extracellular space
white blood cell
Histamines cause the cells in blood vessel walls to spread out. When this happens, fluids can move out of the blood vessel and into the surrounding tissues.

6. White blood cells squeeze out of the capillary and move toward the site of infection, once outside of the circulatory system, the white blood cells fight off the infection.
capillary wall
extracellular space
white blood cell
When the pathogens are defeated, swelling stops, and tissue repair begins. Inflammation is a normal body response.

7. Fever
Fevers develop when mast cells or macrophages release chemicals that cause the hypothalamus to increase the body’s temperature.

8. Low fevers stimulate white blood cells to mature
High fevers can cause seizure, brain damage, and even death

9. Cells of the immune system produce specific responses
Specific immune responses begin with the detection of antigens
Antigens are surface proteins on pathogens
Each pathogen has a different antigen
virus
antigens
Recall from that T and B cells are lymphocytes that are specialized to fight off pathogens.
• T cells destroy infected body cells.
• B cells produce proteins that inactivate pathogens.

10. Memory cells are specialized T and B cells that provide acquired immunity because they “remember” an antigen that has previously invaded your body.
An antigen is a substance that when introduced into the body triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system which will then kill or neutralize the antigen that is recognized as a foreign and potentially harmful invader

11. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. There are B and T type lymphocytes.
B cells produce antibodies. Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen.
T cells attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, known as cytokines, which control the entire immune response

12. Cellular immunity uses T cells to destroy infected body cells
There are two specific immune responses
Cellular immunity uses T cells to destroy infected body cells
pathogen
antigens
T cell
receptors
activated T cells
memory T cells

13. Cellular immunity is an immune response that depends on T cells
Cellular immunity is an immune response that depends on T cells. Occurs when a cell has been invaded by virus (some cancers)

17. Humoral immunity uses B cells to produce antibodies
Humoral immunity comes from the Latin word humor, which means “fluid.” Humoral immunity refers to the immunity given by antibodies
that travel in the blood and other body fluids.
B cell
T cell
pathogen
memory B cells
activated B cells
antibodies

18. 1. A pathogen binds to an antibody that is in an inactivated B cell’s membrane. The B cell keeps a part of the antigen attached to
its antibody.
B cell
T cell
pathogen
2. A T cell binds to
the trapped antigen
fragment . Then the T cell releases proteins that activate the B cell.

19. 3. The B cell divides and differentiates into memory B cells and activated B cells.

22. Both responses produce memory cells
B cell
T cell
specialized T and B cells
provide acquired (active) immunity

23. Write Your answers to the following questions
How do pathogens interact differently with cells of the immune system in cellular and humoral immune responses?
Answer:
cellular immunity: pathogens engulfed by phagocytes;
humoral immunity: pathogen binds to a B cell

24. 2. What does the activated B cell do?
It divides and differentiates into memory B cells and activated B cells, which produce antibodies.

25. How do B cells fight pathogens
How do B cells fight pathogens? How is this different from the way T cells do in the cellular response?
Answers:
B cells produce antibodies that cause pathogens to clump and get destroyed by phagocytes; T cells bind to infected cells and cause them to burst.

26. The immune system rejects (fights) foreign tissues
Tissue rejection occurs in organ or tissue transplants
Tissue rejection is the result of an immune response
immune system detects protein markers on the donor tissue
makes antibodies against the donor’s tissue