1. The Periodic Table Created by Mendeleev
Lists all elements known to humans.
Everything in the universe is made up of these ‘building blocks’.

2. The Periodic Table Metals on the left Non-Metals on the right
Separated by the “staircase”
Metalloids have properties of both
Refer to back in text

3. The Periodic Table
Metals are – shiny, malleable, good conductors, and mostly solids (at room temp.)
React with acid
Non-Metals – dull, brittle, insulators, can be solids liquids or gases
Do not react with acid

4. Trends in the Periodic Table
Rows (“Periods”)  tells you how many orbits/shells that element has
Column (“Families”)  Tells you how many valence electrons that element has note: transition metals are exception to the rule

5. Trends

6. Chemical Families Alkali Metals – 1st column (Li, Na, K, etc.)
Shiny silvery metals, make soluble compounds
Alkaline Earth Metals – 2nd column (Mg, Ca, Ba, etc.)
Shiny silvery metals, make non-soluble compounds

7. Chemical Families Halogens – 7th column (F, Cl, Br, etc.)
Poisonous and reactive.
Noble Gases – 8th column (He, Ne, etc.)
Tend not to form compounds. Not reactive.

8. Look at periodic table
How many electrons total do these elements have? a) Li b) N c) Cl
How many valence electrons do these elements have? a) O b) Be c) Al d) Ar
How many shells/orbits do these elements have? a) Mg b) He c) P d) Ne 5 17 3 3 6 4 8 1 3 2 3

9. Forming Compounds

10. Forming Compounds Atoms are rarely in their ‘stable’ form
Only the noble gases.
Usually atoms obtain a full valence shell by bonding (gaining and loseing e-)
Atoms bond to other atoms to make Molecules (a.k.a. Compounds)

11. Forming Compounds 2 Types
1) Ionic molecules – electron are transferred between molecules to complete valence shells.
2) Covalent molecules – electrons are shared to complete valence shells.

12. Ionic Bonding

13. Ionic Compounds Between a metal and a non-metal
Ex. NaCl, MgCl2 , AlF3
Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal.
“Ions” (charged atoms) become formed.
Ions attract each other and are ‘bonded’ together forming IONIC BONDS.

14. How do Sodium and Chlorine Bond?
Draw both elements apart (Bohr Diagram)
Electrons get transferred to give each atom a full valence shell (charged ions)
The molecule has an overall charge (add all charges together)
+1 – 1 = 0 Na
11p
12n Cl
17p
18n +1 -1 Na
11p
12n Cl
17p
18n

15. How do Lithium and Oxygen Bond?
Draw both elements apart (Bohr Diagram)
Electrons get transferred to give each atom a full valence shell (charged ions) (You can add more Li or O if needed)
The molecule has an overall charge (add all charges together)
+1 +1 – 2 = 0 Li 3p 3n O 8p 8n +1 -2 +1 Li 3p 3n O 8p 8n Li 3p 3n

16. How do Calcium and Chlorine Bond?
Draw both elements apart (Bohr Diagram)
Electrons get transferred to give each atom a full valence shell (charged ions) (You can add more Ca or Cl if needed)
The molecule has an overall charge (add all charges together)

17. Try Page 189 #1-4