1. Single Displacement Reactions

2. Single Displacement Reactions
Single-replacement reaction
Mg CuSO4  MgSO Cu
General form:
A BC  AC B  + +

3. Types: Single displacement
Example: Zn + CuCl2  Zn Cl Cu + Cl Zn Cu +
General Formula:
AB + C  AC + B

4. ONLY FOR SINGLE DISPL’M

5. What is an activity series?
Element Reactivity Li Rb K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H2 Cu Hg Ag Pt Au
Foiled again –
Aluminum loses to Copper
Halogen Reactivity F2
Cl2
Br2 I2
What is an activity series?

6. The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals.
It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displacing metals near the bottom.
Q: Which of these will react?
Fe + CuSO4 
Ni + NaCl 
Li + ZnCO3 
Al + CuCl2  K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au
No, Ni is below Na
Yes, Li is above Zn
Yes, Al is above Cu
Yes, Fe is above Cu
Cu + Fe2(SO4)3
NR (no reaction)
Zn + Li2CO3
Cu + AlCl3

7. a. Metal + Acid/Water: Examples:
Any metal above hydrogen in the activity series will displace hydrogen gas from an acid or water (although sometimes heat must be applied to increase the reaction rate to the point where the reaction is noticeable)
Examples:
1. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
2. Cu(s) + HCl(aq)  no reaction
3. Cu(s) + H2O(l)  no reaction

8. A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O  steam H2 + Mg(OH)2
More Practice
Q: will Mg react with H2O? K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au
cold H2O
hot H2O
A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam
Mg + H2O 
steam
H2 + Mg(OH)2
acid
Q: Zn + HCl 
H2 + ZnCl2
Complete these reactions:
Al + H2O(steam) 
Cu + H2O 
Ca + H2SO4 
Na + H2O 
H2 + Al(OH)3 NR
H2 + CaSO4
H2 + NaOH

9. b. Metal + Metallic Compound(aq):
A metal will displace from a compound (in solution) any other metal which is located below it in the activity series of metals.
Examples:
1. Mg(s) + ZnI2(aq)  MgI2(aq) + Zn(s)
2.Ni(s) + ZnI2(aq)  no reaction

10. A variety of predictions can also be made based on the activity series of nonmetals:
fluorine (F) most reactive never found form stable
Chlorine (Cl) “free” in nature compounds
bromine (Br)
oxygen (O)
iodine (I) found “free” form unstable
sulphur (S) least reactive in nature compounds
A nonmetallic element will displace from a compound (in solution) any nonmetal that is located below it in the activity series of nonmetals.
Examples:
1. F2(g) + 2NaBr(aq)  2NaF(aq) + Br2(aq)
2. I2(s) + NaBr(aq)  no reaction

11. Formation of a solid AgCl
AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq)  KNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s)