1. Trade impact of default Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) - the case of Kenya
A presentation at the WTO Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) workshop; Geneva, Switzerland by
Lucy Namu
KEPHIS
25th October 2016

2. Background on horticultural sub-sector
Kenya horticulture industry has been growing at an annual average rate of 15% from 2001 to 2013.
The value of horticultural exports in was 900 million USD in value. Constitute about 30-% of Ag-GDP.
The European Union is the largest consumer of Kenyan horticultural exports as it takes about 45% of the country’s exports
In Jan 2013, Kenyan beans and peas in pods were listed for increased controls at 10% for pesticide residues; EU Regulation 669/2009

4. Emerging Challenges and opportunities in Africa: towards greater harmonization
Presentation made during the Third Global Minor Use Summit, 1st – 4th October, 2017
Montreal Canada
Lucy Namu
Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS)
Head – Quality Assurance and Laboratory Accreditation

5. Presentation outline:
Emerging challenges in pest management – enhanced toolbox?
Regional Harmonization initiatives
Areas of future work

6. 1. Emerging challenges in pest management – enhanced toolbox?

7. Plant protection needs / outbreaks
Maize lethal necrosis disease
Bactrocera- fruitflies

8. Migratory pests outbreaks
Tuta absoluta

9. Emerging pests
Papaya mealybug, a new species affecting pawpaw

10. Effects on minor crops

11. Representation of the number of border rejections on beans and peas with pods for 3 years exported from Kenya
Methamidophos
Chlopyriphos
Methomyl
Dimethoate
Acephate
Azaconazole
Nicotine*,
Omethoate
Imidacloprid*
Fenthion
Trifloxystrobin+
Fenpropathrin
Folpet
Tetradifon
Famoxadone
Profenofos
Diafenthiuron*
Hexaconazole
Diphenylamine
Etoxazole
Lufenurone
Methomyl
Chlorothalonil
Fluopicolide
Metalaxyl
Carbofuran*
Acetamprid
Oxydemeton-methyl
Mandipropamid
Chloronthraniliprole
Propamocarb
Carbendazim
Methoxyfenozide
75% of cases have MRLs set at LOD.

12. 2. Regional harmonization initiatives and achievements

13. Harmonization within the EA Region
BENEFITS:
Reduce unnecessary divergences across national pesticide regulatory approaches and legislation, East Africa Community (EAC) Partner States consider greater harmonization.
To cover:
Reduce administrative burden for replication of trials and registration of pesticides
Expedite reviews and registration timeframe
Generation of data to support minor uses and increase international trade
Facilitates mutual recognition and enhance work sharing
Establish system for EAC MRLs
Increased trade therefore need for MRLs for minor crops

14. Harmonization within the EA Region…/2
East Africa Secretariat (EAC-S)
Council of Ministers
Sectoral Council for Agriculture and Food Security
Partner States - National Governments
Expert Working Group (EWG)
Regional Stakeholder Forum
National Stakeholder Forum

15. Steps in the EAC Harmonisation process
Develop draft guidance / procedures / protocols in working sessions
Final draft approved
1. Approval of new work area for Expert Working Group (EWG)
National and Regional workshops
Incorporate comments, EWG prepares final document
2: Hold public review / stakeholder meetings on developed document
SC approval
Forwards for Consideration to CM
3: Sectoral Council concurrence
Circulation for implementation
4: Endorsement by CM
National ratification
5: Publication of final guidance / procedure / protocols
Implementation
Initiate review if necessary
6. Secretariat monitoring

16. Achievements in EAC harmonization
Participation in African regional Codex data generation project (KE, UG, TZ + SN, GH)
Part Global Codex Data generation project
Supported by STDF, USDA, IR-4
Completion of Draft EAC efficacy trial and advanced residue trial guidelines:
Supported by USDA and FAO
agreed on modalities for implementation of regionally harmonized supervised trials
agreed on priority crops for implementation of harmonized procedures;
Commenced work on pesticide registration data requirements

17. Future work within EAC
Continue harmonization of pesticide registration data requirements
Roll-out of harmonized procedures through a pilot program involving all EAC PS
Support for safer candidate pesticides for identified pest / crop combinations
Benefit in registration in all EAC PS
Capacity building workshops on supervised field trials
Explore strategies for m
With FAO support, explore regional strategy to address Highly Hazardous Pesticides
Commodity
Challenge / Pest
1. Tomato
Tuta absoluta
2. Mango
Fruit fly
3. Maize
Storage pests – Prostephanus truncatus
4. Capsicum
False codling moth - Thaumatotibia leucotreta
5. French beans
Thrips – Frankliniella occidentalis
6. Coffee
Antestia bugs (Antestiopsis)

18. Harmonization within the Southern Africa Region
Objectives of SAPREF:
Promote regional information exchange, and collaboration on pesticide and pest management and regulation.
To promote regional collaboration and harmonization
To strengthen regulatory capacity and promote better pesticide management policy and systems within Southern African countries through SAPReF members;
To assist Member States in developing and implementing national Highly Hazard Pesticide risk reduction plans and strategies;
To provide some technical training to support implementation of the Rotterdam Convention;
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Southern African Pesticide Regulators Forum (SAPReF) was established in 2011 (Cape Town, South Africa)
15 Member States, Subcommittee of Plant Protection Technical Committee of the SADC Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
Need for improved regional collaboration on pesticide risk management and risk reduction in SADC Member States
Forum aims to promote regional information exchange, and collaboration on pesticide and pest management as well as regulation.

19. Achievements of SADC (SAPREF)
Driven by the regulators
Portal established for information exchange;
Development of Strategic Action plan identifying areas for collaboration would benefit the region, individual countries, pesticide traders, users and the general public.
Presented at the SADC Food Safety Awareness Seminar and the ESA regulatory workshop in 2016.
Establishment of WG to further develop a regional strategy for HHP risk reduction
Established a working group to review the SADC Regional guidelines for the regulation of plant protection products;

20. Areas of future work 1. Support for Minor use programs within RECs
Work sharing and mutual recognition programs
Joint data generation programs
Harmonized registration processes for minor crops
New safer replacement pesticides
Encourage programs for more Codex MRLs especially for minor crops
*Capacity building activities
2. Ease of new registrations:
Explore crop grouping, ease registration requirements through harmonized approaches
Capacity building initiatives
3. Harmonization across RECs
Explore future COMESA-EAC-SAC harmonization Tripartite

21. Thank you for your kind attention!
For more information:
Managing Director,
KENYA PLANT HEALTH INSPECTORATE SERVICE (KEPHIS)
P. O. Box Nairobi, Kenya.
Tel: s:
Website: