1. WELCOME TO BIOLOGY 067: HUMAN BIOLOGY

2. Are organized
Take materials and energy from the environment
Reproduce
Grow and develop
Are homeostatic
Respond to external and internal stimuli
Adapt to changing environment (evolutionary history)

3. Organization of living things
Cell
Molecule
Atom
Tissue
Organ
Organism
Organ system

5. Atoms 1p
hydrogen H 6p 6n 7p 7n 8p 8n
carbon C
nitrogen N
oxygen O

6. I
VIII 1
atomic number 2 H
atomic symbol
atomic mass He
1.008
4.003 II
III IV V VI
VII 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941
9.012
10.81
12.01
14.01
16.00
19.00
20.18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99
24.31
26.98
28.09
30.97
32.07
35.45
39.95 19 20 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10
40.08
69.72
72.59
74.92
78.96
79.90
83.60

7. Classification of Matter

8. Ionic bonds: – + Na Cl sodium atom (Na) chlorine atom (Cl) Na Cl Na+
sodium ion (Na+)
chloride ion (Cl–)
sodium chloride (NaCl) a. b.

9. Covalent bonds: + + oxygen O 2 hydrogen 2H water H2O1p 1p 8p 8n + 8p 8n 1p 1p
oxygen O
2 hydrogen 2H
water
H2O
a. When an oxygen and two hydrogen atoms covalently bond, water results. 8p 8n + 8p 8n 8p 8n 8p 8n
oxygen O2
oxygen O2
oxygen gas O2
b. When two oxygen atoms covalently bond, oxygen gas results.

10. Classification of Matter

11. H
Hydrogen bonding between water molecules O
hydrogen
bond
+
-

12. acidic basic vinegar, cola, beer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 H+ Ion
OH–
acidic
basic
stomach acid, lemon juice
vinegar, cola, beer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H+ Ion
Concentration
pH Value
Examples
hydrochloric acid
tomatoes
black coffee
urine
pure water
seawater
baking soda
Great Salt Lake
household ammonia
household bleach
sodium hydroxide
10-1
100
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-10
10-11
10-12
10-13
10-14
10-2 14 13 12 11 10

13. Glycerol

14. Monosaccharides S C O P Long-term energy storage; membrane components
Immediate
and stored
energy;
structural
molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Storage of
genetic
information
Support,
metabolic,
transport,
regulation,
motion
Fatty acid
Glycerol
Monosaccharides,
disaccharides,
polysaccharides
Fats, oils,
phospholipids,
steroids
Structural,
enzymatic,
carrier,
hormonal,
contractile
DNA, RNA
Organic
Examples
Subunits
Functions
Nucleotide
base
phosphate
amino
group
acid
COOH
Glucose
Amino acid
H2N
CH2OH OH
Monosaccharides

15. subunit
hydrolysis
reaction
dehydration H
H2O b. a. OH

16. Specialized Nucleotide: ATP – Adenosine triphosphate
ATP = adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate groups
ATP ADP + P + energy
Adenine