1. Welcome to Biology 203. Marilyn M. Shannon, M. A
Welcome to Biology 203! Marilyn M. Shannon, M.A., Course Coordinator Fall, 2018 .

2. Chapter Opener

3. Figure 15.2 Frontal sinus Paranasal sinuses Sphenoidal sinus
Cribriform plate
Superior meatus
Superior concha
Middle meatus
Nasal cavity
Inferior meatus
Middle concha
Nasal cavity
Choana
Inferior concha
Vestibule
Pharyngeal tonsil
Naris
Opening of auditory tube
Hard palate
Nasopharynx
Oral cavity
Soft palate
Tongue
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Fauces
Pharynx
Lingual tonsil
Oropharynx
Hyoid bone
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
Vestibular fold
Larynx
Vocal fold
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Esophagus
Trachea
Medial view

4. Figure 6.30 Heads of metacarpal bones Acromion (knuckles) process
Medial border of scapula
Head
of ulna
Olecranonprocess
Olecranonprocess

5. Figure 7.25 Deltoid Triceps brachii (lateral head) Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Forearm
extensors
Forearm flexors
Tendon of
palmaris longus
Tendon of flexor
carpi radialis
Intrinsic
hand
muscles
Anterior view
(a) ©Eric Wise

6. Figure 6.38 Medial epicondyle of femur Head of fibula Patella
Tibial tuberosity
Calcaneus
Anterior crest
of tibia
Lateral epicondyle of femur
Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus

7. Figure 7.27 Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Rectus femoris (quadriceps)
Adductors
Vastus lateralis
(quadriceps)
Vastus medialis
(quadriceps)
Anterior view
(a) ©Eric Wise

8. ©Princess Margaret Rose Orthopaedic Hospital/SPL/Science Source
Fig. 6C
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fracture
©Princess Margaret Rose Orthopaedic Hospital/SPL/Science Source

9. ©Ed Reschke/ Photolibrary/Getty Images
Figure 11.7
©Ed Reschke/ Photolibrary/Getty Images

10. Figure 6.45 Osteoporotic bone Normal bone
©Dr. Michael Klein/ Photolibrary/Getty Images

11. Fig. 1.1 1 Chemical level. Atoms (colored balls) combine
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1
Chemical level. Atoms
(colored balls) combine
to form molecules. 1 2
Cell level. Molecules
form organelles, such as
the nucleus and mitochondria,
which make up cells.
Atoms
Mitochondria 3
Tissue level. Similar cells
and surrounding materials
make up tissues. 2
Nucleus
Molecule
(DNA) 4
Organ level. Different
tissues combine to form
organs, such as the
urinary bladder.
Smooth muscle cell 5
Organ system level.
Organs, such as the
urinary bladder and
kidneys, make up an
organ system.
Smooth
muscle
tissue 3 6
Organism level. Organ
systems make up an
organism. 4
Urinary
bladder
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Kidney
Connective tissue 5 6
Ureter
Wall of urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Urinary system
Organism
(bottom left): © Bart Harris/Corbis

12. Body temperature (normal range)
Fig. 1.4
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
98.8°F
Body temperature
(normal range)
98.6°F
Set point
98.4°F
Time (min)

13. Fig. 1.5 1 Receptors monitor the value of a variable. In this
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1
Receptors monitor the
value of a variable. In this
case, receptors in the skin
monitor body temperature. 1
Receptors monitor
body temperature. 2
Information about the value
of the variable is sent to a
control center. In this case,
nerves send information to
the part of the brain
responsible for regulating
body temperature. 2
Nerves 5 3
Effector (sweat gland)
responds to changes
in body temperature. 3
The control center
compares the value of the
variable against the set
point.
Control center
(brain) 4
Sweat gland 4
If a response is necessary to
maintain homeostasis, the
control center causes an
effector to respond. In this
case, nerves send information
to the sweat glands. 5
An effector produces a
response that maintains
homeostasis. In this case,
stimulating sweat glands
lowers body temperature.

14. Fig. 1.6
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 3 4
Actions
Reactions
Control centers in the brain increase
stimulation of sweat glands and relax
blood vessels in the skin when
receptors detect increased body
temperature.
Effectors
Respond:
Sweat glands
produce
sweat; blood
vessels in the
skin dilate.
Sweat gland 2
Homeostasis Disturbed:
Body temperature increases. 5
Homeostasis Restored:
Body temperature decreases.
Body temperature
(normal range) 1
Start Here
Body temperature
(normal range) 6
Homeostasis Disturbed:
Body temperature decreases.
Homeostasis Restored:
Body temperature increases.
Actions
Reactions
Control centers in the brain decrease
stimulation of sweat glands and
constrict blood vessels in the skin
when receptors detect decreased
body temperature.
Effectors Respond:
Sweat glands cease
sweat production;
blood vessels in
the skin constrict;
skeletal muscle
contracts (shivering).
Sweat gland

15. Figure 1.6 Stimulus Response Receptors and control centers:
Control centers in the brain increase stimulation of sweat glands and relax blood vessels in the skin when receptors detect increased body temperature.
Effectors:
Sweat glands produce
sweat; blood vessels in the skin dilate.
Sweat gland
HOMEOSTASIS DISTURBED: Body temperature increases.
HOMEOSTASIS RESTORED: Body temperature decreases.

16. Figure 1.6 Contd. Body temperature (normal range) Start Here
HOMEOSTASIS DISTURBED: Body temperature decreases.
HOMEOSTASIS RESTORED: Body temperature increases.
Stimulus
Response
Receptors and control centers:
Control centers in the brain decrease stimulation of sweat glands and constrict blood vessels in the skin
when receptors detect decreased
body temperature.
Effectors:
Sweat glands cease sweat production; blood vessels in
the skin constrict;
skeletal muscle contracts (shivering).
Sweat gland