1. Product Training by
Ad van Genderen
Product Manager

2. Agenda.
History of Lubrication.
Function of a Motor Oil.
Viscosity.
explanation of SAE J300
Selection Criteria.
what product must we choose, which specifications??
Specification for Passenger Car en HDEO
explanation of different specifications.
Transmission.
Antifreeze / Coolants.
Brake Fluids.
Questions.

3. History of Lubricants Automotive Engine Oil:
Is an essential constructual element of combustion engines.
Contains Base oil & Additives.
Base oil provides the desired viscosity.
Additives provides the desired performance levels.
Has a longer history than the combustion engine itself.
Namely for the ‘Sunday drive’ (Mrs. Benz)
Nowadays provide an oil change interval till km for trucks.
Constant developments, just as the combustion engine itself.
Nowadays, most developments are driven by enviromental requirements.
Developments are mostly done by the Additive Industry
Oil firms mostly develop the Base Oils.

4. Engines by Daylight:

5. Engines by an Oil Formulator

6. Engine : Many Moving Parts
Fuel Injection
Inlet air/fuel mixture
Outlet
Combustion area
Piston
Cooled Cilinder
Connection rod
Connection rod bearing
Crankshaft
Sump

7. Areas which require lubrication: Piston
Top Land
Top Groove
2nd Land
2nd Groove
Oil Scraper
Piston skirt

8. Areas which require lubrication: Turbocharger
Oil cooled bearings, high temperature and risk of overheating
Used oil particles from crankcase ventilation

9. Outlook / Summary Complex enviroment. Complex role.
Complex set of requirements.
Goverment – OEM – Oil Industry – Industry Organization.
Complex Market.
Passenger Cars – Heavy Duty Diesel Trucks versus Logistics.
Old & aged versus new engines with delicate systems.
Complex Development and Composition.
Additives
Viscosity Modifiers
Base Oils
Dispersants
Dispersant
Group-I
Detergents
Non Dispersant
Group-II
Anti Wear
Super Dispersant
Group-III
Friction Modifiers
PAO, Esters
Anti Oxidant
Re-Refined
Inhibitors for Rust, Corrosion
GTL

10. Automotive Engine Oils:
Requirements of a finished oil formulation:
Good / High Quality Base Oil:
Good reaction with oxidation supplements
Good Viscosity Index(VI).
Flows at low temperatures
Min. Viscosity change at increasing temperatures.
Performance Additives:
Resistance against aging
Resistance against composition pollution (wear, rust & foam).
Correct friction characteristics.
Improving Viscosity Index (VI).
Solvability in a variety of base stocks.
Usability in a variety of base stocks.

11. Relation Additives & Base Oil
Hydraulic Oils
Gas Engine
Oils
Heavy Duty Engine Oils
Marine Cylinder Oils
Base Oil
&
VI Improvement
(multi grade)
Base Oil
&
VI Improvement
(multi grade)
Base Oil
&
VI Improvement
(multi grade)
Base Oil
< 1% additives
5-15% additives
10-20% additives
20-35% additives

12. Relation Additives & Base Oil
Mono Grade Oil
Multi Grade Oil
Base Oil
Base Oil
VI Improver
Additives
Additives

13. Relation Additives & Base Oil
Base oil: Mineral, Synthetic or Mix
Additives: Detergents, Dispersant, Zinc, Inhibitors
VI Improvers: Multipurpose Oil

14. How an oil is blended
Additives
Base Oil
VI-Improver
Heat till 80°C

15. Main functions of a Motor Oil
Cooling
Sound Redemption
Cleaning
Sealing
Lubricating

16. REQUIREMENTS OF A MOTOR OIL
Gasoline Engines
Suitable for high speed
Motor
Diesel Engine
Needs additives to neutralize the sulphur content from the fuel. High viscosity is needed for the high compression relation & dealing with soot particles which are released during the combustion.

17. WRONG USE OF A MOTOR OIL
When a Gasoline Engine Oil is used in a Diesel Engine :
Sum up of metal maintaining additives in the engine
Sum up of metal maintaining additives in the Catalysator
Metal Additives
Catalysator

18. WRONG USE OF A MOTOR OIL
When a Gasoline Engine Oil is used in a Diesel Engine :
Corrosion of metal due the to sulphur containing particles
Increased viscosity due to soot particles

19. WHY TO REPLACE A MOTOR OIL?
Motor Oils will age due to the following :
Collection of dirt particles
Pollution through moisture & fuel
Thermal oxidation
Usage of the additives
Exhaust gas temp. Could rise to approx 2000°C. In this enviroment even the best engine oil will age.

20. Results of a Motor Oil Usage

21. WHY TO REPLACE A MOTOR OIL
Dirt piles up in the engine
Engine is not protected anymore (no more protective additives available)
Reduction of fuel savings
Engine problems
Reduction of engine performance
Reduction of engine life
Ageing of oil causes problems. Intermediate changing of the lubricant is necessary to keep the engine in a good condition.

22. Temperature Balance due to Technical Changes
Temperature in engine will increase:
More Power
Longer Oil Change Interval
Compact Design
Isolation
Electronics
Fuel Saving

23. FRICTION & WEAR Dry Friction Partly Lubricated Fully Lubricated
Fully lubrication between surfaces
Just friction & No wear
Partly Lubricated
Partly lubrication between surfaces
Friction + Low wear
Dry Friction
No lubrication between surfaces
High friction + High wear

24. “Thickness” of the Liquid Society of Automotive Engineers
VISCOSITY
Definition: is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress. In everyday terms (and for fluids only), viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction"
Viscosity is :
“Thickness” of the Liquid
Standardized by SAE:
Society of Automotive Engineers

25. VISCOSITY
There is no ‘ideal Viscosity’, as each viscosity is related to the application which needs lubrication.
The Viscosity depends on the temperature level:
High Temperature Low
Viscosity
Low Temperature High

26. SAE Values Warm Oil Cold Oil 10 Thin 0W 20 5W 30 10W 40 15W 50 THICK

27. Consequences of wrong lubrication

28. Consequences of wrong lubrication

29. Different Vehicle Manufacturer VW, Audi, Porsche, Seat Skoda, MAN
VAG
VW, Audi, Porsche, Seat Skoda, MAN
FIAT
DC/Chrysler
BMW
Mini, Bently
Ford
Volvo
One Oil????
Scania
Hyundai
Mercedes Benz
SanggYong
General Motors
Opel, Daewoo
Renault
Nissan, Dacia
PSA
Peugeot, Citroen
Suzuki
Toyota
Lexus
KIA
Honda
Alfa Romeo

30. Jungle in Specifications
VAG groep
VW504.00/507.00
VW /505.00
VW /505.00 VW VW
Fiat Groep G2 H2 M2 N2
S1/S2 S2
BMW Groep
BMW Special Oil
BMW LL-98
BMW-LL-01
BMW LL-01 FE
BMW LL-04
MB groep
MB 229.1
MB /
MB /
MB 228.1
MB / 228,31
MB /228.51
One oil????
Ford Groep
M2C 913A/913CB/913C
Renault Groep
RN 0700
RN 0710
RN0720
GM/Opel Groep
GM LL-A-025 / B025
Dexos 1 & 2
Volvo
VDS
VDS-2
VDS-3
VDS-4
PSA Groep B B B B
ILSAC
GF-3 / 4 / 5
MAN
M 3271
M 3275
M 3477
M 3575
ACEA
A, B, C en E
categorie
API Groep
SL / SM / SN
CF / CI-4 / CJ-4
Scania
LDF
LDF-2 LA

31. How to make the correct selection.
How to choose the correct product for my Vehicle
Makes, Model, Range, Building Year.
With or Without Exhaust Gas After Treatment System.
Long life or Standard Quality.
Application, Short, City or Long Distance.
Yes or No in Guaranty

32. Fastmovers. MOTOR OIL SL 10W-40: MOTOR OIL SM 5W-40:
ACEA A3/B4, API SL/CF; MB 229.1; VW /505.00
Semi Synthetic.
Oil Change Interval max km.
Not suited for diesel engines with DPF.
Not suited for engines with pump injection.
MOTOR OIL SM 5W-40:
ACEA A3/B4, API SM/CF; MB 229.3; VW /505.00
RN 0710; GM-LL-025B; BMW LL-01
Semi Synthetic.
Oil Change Interval max km.
Not suited for diesel engines with DPF.
Not suited for engines with pump injection.
MOTOR OIL LE 5W-40:
ACEA A3/B4/C3, API SL/CF; MB ; VW , /505.00; RN 0720; GM-LL-025B; BMW LL-04
Synthetic.
Oil Change Interval max km.
Suited for diesel engines with DPF..
Suited for engines with pump injection
MOTOR OIL VX 5W-30:
ACEA A3/B4/C3, MB ; VW /507.00: BMW LL-04
Synthetic.
Oil Change Interval max km.
Suited for diesel engines with DPF..
Suited for engines with pump injection

33. Exceptions Ford motoren: Opel/GM motoren Hybrid Cars
Ford M2C 913A/B
Ford M2C 913C
MOTOR OIL FE 5W-30
MOTOR OIL FEC 5W-30
Opel/GM motoren
GM Dexos 2, GM-LL-A-025/B-025.
MOTOR OIL GMX 5W-30
Hybrid Cars
API SN, Dexos 1, ILSAC GF/5
MOTOR OIL SN 0W-20
MOTOR OIL SN 5W-20

34. Cost Effect & Emission Regulation
Rotterdam – Leipzig: 689 km
Euro-1 PM g/km
Euro-5 PM g/km
Reductie 97%

35. Cost Increasing Aspects
Availability components.
Emission regulation.
Development new additive technology.
Development new type base oil.
New blending technologies.
Reach registration.
Owm OEM specific technology and specifications.
Development of use of Bio Fuel.
Lubricant: Complex system of different technology working under extreme and severe conditions.

36. Explanation of Information
Specifications :
Quality
SAE Grade :
Viscosity

37. Performance classes for Engine Oils
SPECIFICATIONS
OEM
API
ACEA
(CCMC)
JASO
ILSAC
Performance classes for Engine Oils
MIL Spec

38. ACEA SPECIFICATIONS Current Specifications according to ACEA 2007:
A/B: for Gasoline & Diesel Engines:
C: Suitable for exhaust gasses treatments:
E: For Heavy Duty Engines (Commercial Vehicles):
A1/B1, A3/B3, A3/B4, A5/B5
C1, C2, C3, C4
E4, E6, E7, E9

39. OEM Specifications OEM Specifications VAG Group 504.00/507.00
50.01/506.00
502.00/505.00
505.01
Mercedes Benz MB MB MB
MB 228.3
BMW
LL-04
LL-01
LL-98
Special Oil
GM/Opel
Dexos 2
Dexos 1
GM-LL-A-025
GM-LL-B-025
Ford
WSS-M2C-913C
WSS-M2C-913B
WSS-M2C-913A
WSS-M2C-948
Volvo
VDS-4
VDS-3
VDS-2
VDS
Scania
LDF-3
LDF-2
LDF
LDF LA

40. Resume Several Manufacturers have their own specifications
SAE is related to the viscosity (thickness) of the lubricant
API, ACEA, VW, MB, BMW is related to the quality of the lubricant
Always follow the viscosity & specification requirements of the Manufacturers
Consult with an 77 Lubricants advisor
By doubt, please contact the TNB / 77 Technical Support Department

41. Type of Transmissions:
Manual
Automatic
Standard AT
CVT
DSG

42. Transmission Oil The essential functions of a Transmission Oil :
Easy shifting of gears
Reduction of Friction & Wear
Protection against corrosion & sulphur
Load bearing properties.
Expansion of the life cycle of the transmission.

43. Transmission Oil Manufacturer bond specifications:
MB 235.0, 235.1, 235.7, ,
MAN 341, 342, 3343SL…..
ZF TE-ML 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06 ……..
Ford SQM-2C 9008A, SM-2C 1011A, ESP-M2C 83-C
VW G , G , G , G 050
Opel B
Volvo 97307, 97312

44. Functions of a CVT Fluid
Torque Convertor
Push Belt
CVTF replaces kinetic energy
CVTF as hydraulic fluid and serves as a lubricants between the pulley and push belt.
From the Engine:
CVTF cools several transmission parts.
Control Unit
To the wheels
CVTF for hydraulic shifting
CVTF as lubricant for lower gears & bearings.

45. Requirements of an ATF & CVTF
ATF Requirements:
Lubricating Properties.
Viscosity / Temp. characteristic.
Cooling properties.
Compatible with materials.
Receivers for wet clutch friction characteristics.
CVTF Requirements:
ATF requirements Metal on metal friction characteristics

46. Why to replace an ATF and/or CVTF?
ATF & CVTF ages due to the following causes:
Oxidation due to heating of the fluid during usage
Usage of additives
Collection of moisture, metal parts & dirt

47. Why to replace an ATF and/or CVTF?
Symptoms of an aged ATF & CVTF:
Worse acceleration
Increase of fuel consumption
Worse / Shocking Shifting

48. Standard ATF Specification:
Manufacturer bond specifications:
FORD ESW-M2C 33F, ESP-M2C 33G, SQM-2C 9007 AA M
LT-71141
MB , , , MB
Nissan Matic D en J
Mitsubishi SP-II, SP-III.
Toyota T-III, T-IV, ATF WS
Audi G A2, G , G
Dexron II, Dexron III F/G, Dexron VI

49. Automotive Gear Oil: Specifications
Most common specifications:
API GL-4
Heavy loaded hand shifted transmissions; light loaded hypoid transmissions.
API GL-5
Heavy loaded hypoid transmissions, axles and differentials.
API: American Petroleum Institute
GL: Gear Lubricant

50. Coolants
A complex system consisting of different components, materials, different temperatures& different flows.
1) Radiator 2) Thermostat 3) Water Pump 4) Fan 5) Heat Exchanger 6) Gasket / hoses 7) Expansion

51. Engine Failures Statistics

52. Function of a Coolant
Transferring the additional heat within the engine, during the combustion process.
The best heat transferring fluid is : WATER
Disadvantages of WATER:
Freezes at 0°C
Boils at 100°C
Is corrosive with most metals

53. Difference between a Coolant and Antifreeze
% Mono Ethyleen Glycol (MEG)
% additives
COOLANT:
Mixture of Antifreeze with water
relation 50/50: -40°C

54. ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS:
Coolants
ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS:
Anti-corrosion: protection against corrosion & the possibility of blogging of a radiator & the damaging of the waterpomp.
Anti-foam: prevention of air bells. Air bells are a good isolator which causes the heat to increase within the coolant, and therefore in the engine.
Lubricant: serves as a protection & lubricant for the seals of the waterpomp. When the seals are not lubricated, wear, noises & leakages will follow.

55. Coolants

56. Requirements of a Coolant
Proper heat transfer
Mediocre viscosity
Low pour point, -40°C.
High flash point, °C.
Good oxidation & good corrosion resistance.
No damage to rubber & plastic parts.
Not foaming

57. Brake Fluids
A specially developed composed fluid, for the transferring of brake power from the brake padel to the wheelbrake cylinders

58. Brake Fluids DOT 3 DOT 4 DOT 5.1 Wet Boiling point°C, min
Kin.Visc. -40°C, cSt, max
140
1500
155
1800
180
900
Difference between DOT 5 & DOT 5.1 :
DOT 5 is on a basis of silicon-oil. Silicon & water do not mix, and as such water evaporates at high temperature which causes air bells in the brake system. DOT 5 is NOT mixable with other brake fluids.

59. Brake Fluids Quality requirements of a Brake Fluid are :
Boiling point, Wet Boiling point
Viscosity & Thermal Stability
Oxidation & Corrosion resistance
Water comprehension & pH-value
Miscibility with other equal fluids
May not damage rubber
Excellent lubrication & limited wear

60. Brake Fluids
Decrease of the Boiling Point at an increase of a water content + wear: That’s why: Always replace Brake Fluid properly
 Follow the Manufacturer’s requirements!

61. Qustion Round Thank for your attention