1. Catholicism Protestantism
Hierarchical organization
Pope final authority on all matters
Clergy considered above others; had special spiritual powers from God
Clergy had the “power” to provide or withhold salvation
Salvation based on good works
7 holy sacraments; administered by clergy
Elaborate ceremonies & churches; rituals; saints
Bible read in Latin; only available to clergy who interpreted it for the masses
Church had governmental type powers and authority
All members equal
Bible final authority
Priesthood of all believers (no special powers)
Salvation is personal (Lutheran by “faith”)
Salvation based on faith through grace
2 sacraments – baptism/communion; administered by any believer
Simple church; very few rituals; no saints
Vernacular Bible – all were encouraged to read religious scripture (increased literacy rates)
Church was usually separate from gov’t; little political authority

2. Catholicism Protestantism
Monastic life; Benedictine Rule; clergy could not marry
Church provided help, care and assistance to poor, orphans and needy
No religious toleration; conformity to doctrine very important; Inquisition
Clergy became more worldly during the High Middle Ages and Renaissance; simony
No monasticism; clergy could marry but
Same, but not always as effective because of lack of church gov’t
No religious toleration; conformity to doctrine very important
Strict lifestyle (esp. Calvinism)