1. Climate- Abiotic factor
This is one of the most important factors to determine biome distribution.
The general temperature range and amount of precipitation (rain/snow) can predict a biome.

2. Solar Energy and Global Air Circulation: Distributing Heat
Global air circulation is affected by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by solar energy, seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation.
Figure 5-3

3. Coriolis Effect
Global air circulation is affected by the rotation of the earth on its axis.
Figure 5-4

6. Latitude determine amount of sunlight received throughout the year

7. Earth’s Current Climate Zones

10. Hadley Convection Cells
Heat and moisture are distributed over the earth’s surface by vertical currents, which form six giant convection cells at different latitudes.
Figure 5-6

11. Convection Currents
Global air circulation is affected by the properties of air water, and land.
Figure 5-5

14. Global Precipitation

17. What to Expect from La Niña
• Wetter than normal conditions over southeastern Africa and northern Brazil during the northern hemisphere winter season.
• During the northern summer season, the Indian monsoon rainfall tends to be greater than normal, especially in northwest India.
• Drier than normal conditions along the west coast of tropical South America, and at subtropical latitudes of North America such as the Gulf Coast, and South America from southern Brazil to central Argentina.
• Colder than normal air over Alaska and western Canada, which often penetrates into the northern Great Plains and the western United States. The southeastern United States, on the other hand, becomes warmer and drier than normal.
• Decreased rainfall in the tropical Pacific in winter and spring, while rain increases over Indonesia, Malaysia and northern Australia and over the Philippines in summer.

19. What to Expect from El Niño
• Added rainfall in the normally arid coastal regions of Ecuador and Peru.
• Increased winter cloudiness and rainfall in the tropical Pacific but reduced rain in Indonesia, Malaysia and northern Australia.
• Drier than normal conditions over southeastern Africa and northern Brazil during the northern winter season.
• During the northern summer season, Indian monsoon rainfall below normal, especially in northwest India where crops are adversely affected.
• Wetter than normal conditions along the west coast of tropical South America and at subtropical latitudes of North America, like the Gulf Coast, and South America from southern Brazil to central Argentina. Storms also tend to be more vigorous in the Gulf of Mexico and along the southeast coast of the United States resulting in wetter than normal conditions in that region.

23. La Nina
El Nino

24. Topography and Local Climate: Land Matters
Rain Shadow effect
Interactions between land and oceans and disruptions of airflows by mountains and cities affect local climates.
Figure 5-8

28. Microclimates

29. Microclimate

30. H L Air Pressure Factors that can contribute to microclimates:
Define Zone of Tolerance:
How does this relate to our topics today?
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H L
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