1. A Comprehensive Framework for Determining the Cost of an Emergency Medical Services System 
E. Brooke Lerner, PhD, Graham Nichol, MD, MPH, Daniel W. Spaite, MD, Herbert G. Garrison, MD, MPH, Ronald F. Maio, DO, MS 
Annals of Emergency Medicine 
Volume 49, Issue 3, Pages (March 2007)
DOI: /j.annemergmed
Copyright © 2007 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Components of the EMS cost framework.
Annals of Emergency Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.annemergmed )
Copyright © 2007 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2 EMS system cost framework.
Annals of Emergency Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.annemergmed )
Copyright © 2007 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
From a societal perspective, the cost of EMS will be shared among sectors, including the EMS sector itself. Further, in some cases the benefit of some costs may be reaped by a sector different from the one that paid for it.
Annals of Emergency Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.annemergmed )
Copyright © 2007 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions