1. The Mole
6.02 x 1023

2. Standard/Objective
Know the quantity one mole is set by defining one mole of carbon 12 atoms to have a mass of exactly 12 grams.
One mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles
Know how to determine molar mass of a molecule and how to convert to moles, # of particles, or volume of gas at STP.

3. The mole is a counting unit
1 dozen = 12 1 ream = gross = 144
1 mole = 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
6.02 X 1023 (in scientific notation)

4. Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856)
-studied quantities of gases & discovered that no matter what the gas was 
the same number of molecules are present

5. Just How Big is a Mole?
How long do you think it will take to count to 6.02x1023?

6. Just How Big is a Mole? If you spent a billion dollars a second,
it would take you over 19 million years to spend a mole of dollars.

7. Just How Big is a Mole?
Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles.
If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles.
If we were able to count atoms at the rate of 10 million per second, it would take about 2 billion years to count the atoms in one mole.

8. 1 dozen cookies = 12 cookies
1 mole of cookies = 6.02 X 1023 cookies
1 dozen cars = 12 cars
1 mole of cars = 6.02 X 1023 cars
1 dozen Al atoms = 12 Al atoms
1 mole of Al atoms = 6.02 X 1023 atoms

9. How does the mass of a dozen cars compare to the mass of a dozen cookies?
Note that the NUMBER is always the same, but the MASS is very different!
Mole is abbreviated mol

10. Atomic Mass (amu) What is the atomic mass of: Na Ca Pb
What is the molecular mass of:
NaCl
H2O
FeCl3
Al(OH)3

11. Molar Mass (g/mol)
The Mass of 1 mole (in grams)
Equal to the numerical value of the average atomic mass (get from periodic table) *to the nearest whole #
1 mole of C atoms = g
1 mole of Mg atoms = g
1 mole of Cu atoms = g

12. Molar Mass (g/mol)
*Same number, different units:
AMU  g
mol

13. Calculations with Molar Mass
Grams Moles

14. Converting Moles and Grams
molar mass
Grams Moles
Converting Moles and Grams
Aluminum is often used for the structure of light-weight bicycle frames. How many grams of Al are in 3.00 moles of Al?
3.00 moles Al ? g Al

15. Converting Moles and Grams
molar mass
Grams Moles
How many grams of KCl are in 2.00 mol?
How many grams of CO2 are in mol?
How many moles of Na are in 92.0 g?
How many moles of H2O are in 54.0 g?

16. A Mole of Particles Contains 6.02 x 1023 Particles
If you’re referring to an element…
1 mol Mg = x 1023 Mg atoms
1 mol Au = x 1023 Au atoms
If you’re referring to a compound/molecule
1 mol NH3 = x 1023 NH3 molecules
1 mol C9H8O4 = x 1023 aspirin molecules
Particles can be anything…
1 mol donuts = x 1023 donuts

17. Avogadro’s Number as Conversion Factor
6.02 x 1023 particles
1 mole or
1 mole
*a particle could be an atom OR a molecule
Avogadro’s Number
Particles Moles

18. Converting Between Moles & Particles
Avogadro’s Number
Particles Moles
How many molecules would be in 2.00 mols of H2O?
How many atoms would be in 10.0 moles of Al?
How many molecules would be in moles of CaCO3?
How many molecules would be in 32.0 g of CH4?

19. Everything must go through Moles!!!
Calculations
molar mass Avogadro’s number Grams Moles particles
Everything must go through Moles!!!

20. A Mole of Particles Contains 6.02 x 1023 Particles
1 dozen eggs = 12 eggs
1 dozen yolks & 1 dozen egg shells
Or 12 yolks and 12 egg shells
1 mol NaCl = 6.02 x formula units NaCl
1 mol Na+ ions & 1 mol Cl- ions
Or 6.02 x Na+ & 6.02 x Cl-

21. Learning Check 1. How many atoms of K are present in 78.0 g of K?
2. How many molecules of O2 are present in 96.0 g of oxygen?
3. What is the mass (in grams) of X 1024
molecules of water (H2O)?
4. What is the mass of 9.03 X 1023 molecules of KNO3?

22. Moles and Gases
At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain the same # of gas particles
Molar Volume
1 mole gas (STP) = 22.4 L
STP = 0° C and 1 atm
STP – standard temperature and pressure
atm – atmospheres, a measure of pressure

23. Learning Check
A room with a volume of 2,240 L contains how many moles of air at STP?
How many moles of hydrogen would be found in a 44.8 L container?
A chemical reaction produces 4.00 moles of oxygen gas. What volume will that gas occupy at STP?
What is the volume of mol of nitrogen at STP?

24. Molecules MOLES Volume Mass Name of Conversion Factor
Equation for Conversion Factor
MOLES
Name of Conversion Factor
Equation for Conversion Factor
Equation for Conversion Factor
Name of Conversion Factor
Volume
Mass

25. Stoichiometry Organizer
MASS
MASS
Molar Mass
Molar Mass
MOLES
MOLES
Ratio of
Coefficients
MOLECULES
MOLECULES
Avogadros #
Avogadros #
Molar Volume of Gas
Molar Volume of Gas
VOLUME
VOLUME

26. QUIZ 11-8
Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
1. K2SO4
2. Ca(OH)2

27. QUIZ 11-8
Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
1. Na2CO3
2. Mg(NO3)2

28. QUIZ 11-8
Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
1. K3PO4
2. (NH4)2S

29. QUIZ 11-9
What is the mass of 2.00 mol of NH3?
How many moles would be found in 132 g of CO2?

30. QUIZ 11-29
1. What is the mass of 2.00mol of (NH4)2O?
2. How many liters of ammonia gas (NH3) would weigh 51g?

31. QUIZ 12-1
1. What is the mass of 2.00mol of CO2?
2. How many liters of oxygen gas (O2) would weigh 64 g?

32. Review 1 : KClO3 Type of compound Name of compound Molecular mass
How many grams of KClO3 in 2.5 moles?
How many moles of KClO3 in 61.0 grams?
How many molecules of KClO3 in 3.0 moles?
How many molecules of KClO3 in 488g?

33. Review 2 : H3PO4 Type of compound Name of compound Molecular mass
How many grams of H3PO4 in 2.5 moles?
How many moles of H3PO4 in 147 grams?
How many molecules of H3PO4 in 1.5 moles?
How many molecules of H3PO4 in 294g?

34. Review 3 : N2O4 (g) How many moles of N2O4 in 5.6 liters?
Type of compound
Name of compound
Molecular mass
How many moles of N2O4 in 5.6 liters?
How many liters of N2O4 in 184 grams?