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The Presentation of Scientific Data: Results, Tables and Graphs
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Data Individual facts, statistics, or items of information.
Generated from experiment, observation or research. How do we convey (Experimental Data) to others? Results Section of lab reports (Written). Data Table (Visual/Organizer). Graphs (Visual).
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Written Results A paragraph that summarizes all quantitative and qualitative data from an experiment or study. No judgment made about the data.
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Data Tables A Data Table is a mode of visual communication and means of arranging data (organization). Age Table: First Name Last Name Age (yrs) Bill Davolio 33 Nancy Klondike 43 Sarah Obesanjo 23 Justin Saunders 37 Mike Timberlake 26 Paulo Ilustre 11 Variable “B” or “Y” Variable “A” or “X” Independent Variable Dependent Variable
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Graphs A diagram (visual) showing the relationship between sets of numbers, or topics, that represents how one set depends or changes with another. Different graphs can show different things. Examples…...
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Bar Graph Used to show relationships between variables that may be “fixed” in time or space. A “snap shot”. Bars can help to give a sense of quantity.
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Line Graph Used to show relationships, such as rates.
Changes over time or given variable.
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Scatter Plot Points “plotted” between to axis (the variables).
Add trendlines to see correlations in the data. Trendlines or lines of best fit. Part of linear regressions for statistical analysis.
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Pie Chart (Circle Graph)
A circular chart that illustrates relative magnitudes or frequencies (Example Percentages) Pie chart of populations of English native speakers
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How do you draw a graph? Important skill, to draw it means you can read a graph. Remember, it’s a visual expression, or picture, of data.
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1st - A graph – Basic Terms
Number Line “Y” “Y” Axis Plot/Data Area Number Line “X” “X” Axis
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How to make a Graph Determine your variables.
Rule of thumb: Independent Variable is “X” axis, and Dependent Variable is “Y” axis. Sample Data Independent Variable = X Axis Dependent Variable A = Y Axis Dependent Variable B = Y Axis
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How to make a Graph Calculate your number line (Range).
Independent Variable Largest X Value = 1999 (End Date) Smallest X Value = 1982 (Begin Date) Number of Units = Dependent Variable B Largest Y Value = 2400 (Highest Pop.) Smallest Y Value = 500 (Lowest Pop.) Number of Units = 1900 Dependent Variable A Largest Y Value = 25 (Highest Pop.) Smallest Y Value = 11 (Lowest Pop.) Number of Units = 14
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How to make a Graph Plot your number line(s). [Independent V.]
Determine the space for your number line. Divide the number line increment, by the space. Just round up…. Plot data. = 12 = 17/12 or So.. Each box is 1.5 years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1982 1985
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So…
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How to make a Graph Plot your number line(s). [Dependent V.s]
Do the same thing for the Y variables….. “A” = 14/12 = = 1.5 / box “B” = 1900/12 = = /box
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How to make a Graph Plot Your Data. Connect Lines
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How to make a Graph Label your axis (Labels AND Units!)
Wolf Population (#) Moose Population (#) Year
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How to make a Graph Add Title.
Population Trends of Moose and Wolves on Isabella Is.
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How to make a Graph Add Caption.
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How to make a Graph Add Legend (and other features as needed).
We’re Done!
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Remember….. Use space appropriately…it’s a picture.
Your graph should tell a story, so use appropriate data ranges and axis scales. Titles, Labels, UNITS and Legends!
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Lets Practice!
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