2. Qin Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.E. Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E) Legalist rule
Bureaucratic administration
Centralized control
Military expansion
Standardized weights, measures and currency
Book burnings  targeted Confucianists
Buried protestors alive!
Built large section of the Great Wall
Short-lived but very significant.
Book burnings (including Confucius!)
Millions of peasants were forced to build the Great Wall along the northern border.
China, from Qin, developed as the name outsiders used to refer to China. But the Chinese still refer to themselves as Han people.

3. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
Note the western terminus at Jiayu Pass and the eastern terminus at Shanhai Pass.

4. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
Note the western terminus at Jiayu Pass and the eastern terminus at Shanhai Pass.

5. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Soldiers & Cavalrymen
Note the western terminus at Jiayu Pass and the eastern terminus at Shanhai Pass.

6. Cavalry
Note the western terminus at Jiayu Pass and the eastern terminus at Shanhai Pass.

7. Individual Soldiers
Note the western terminus at Jiayu Pass and the eastern terminus at Shanhai Pass.

8. The Details of an Individual Soldier
Note the western terminus at Jiayu Pass and the eastern terminus at Shanhai Pass.

9. The Great Wall with Towers
How effective do you think this kind of fortification would have been in pre-modern times?

10. The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

12. Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-460sC.E. Paper invented [105 B.C.E.]
Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many
What is spread on trade routes?
Buddhism introduced into China
Expanded empire into Central Asia
Invented sun dials, calendars, rubber and the compass
The Han Synthesis term refers to the emphasis on Legalism, but with a touch of Confucianism. The Han dynasty recorded Confucius’s teachings (The Analects) and put a big emphasis on the family.
Founded the Imperial University
Required examinations to become bureaucrat (civil service system)
Soldiers dropped to lowest status.
Confucianists at work; Daoists at home.
The Han tried to replace literature, including Confucius’s writings, lost during the Qin Dynasty. Created new works of literature and music. Scroll painting began during this time. Iron was now used for plows and weapons. Acupuncture was invented. Invented a crude seismic sensing tool, so they could send troops and food to the scene of an earthquake!
Inventions include: paper (105 CE), sternpost rudder on ships, water mill, wheelbarrow, furrowed cultivation
Show map for Silk Road trade. It brought Chinese together into one civilization, creating a common culture. Economically, it brought much wealth to the Han, as they exported much more than they imported.
Wudi’s public schools taught Confucianism. Grand School in capital. In 100 years, 30,000 studied there.

13. Emperor Wu Ti, 141-87 B.C.E. Started public schools
Civil service system
bureaucrats
Candidates took a several day long exam
How is this different than government by birth?
What is the effect of this system?
The Han Synthesis term refers to the emphasis on Legalism, but with a touch of Confucianism. The Han dynasty recorded Confucius’s teachings (The Analects) and put a big emphasis on the family.
Founded the Imperial University
Required examinations to become bureaucrat (civil service system)
Soldiers dropped to lowest status.
Confucianists at work; Daoists at home.
The Han tried to replace literature, including Confucius’s writings, lost during the Qin Dynasty. Created new works of literature and music. Scroll painting began during this time. Iron was now used for plows and weapons. Acupuncture was invented. Invented a crude seismic sensing tool, so they could send troops and food to the scene of an earthquake!
Inventions include: paper (105 CE), sternpost rudder on ships, water mill, wheelbarrow, furrowed cultivation
Show map for Silk Road trade. It brought Chinese together into one civilization, creating a common culture. Economically, it brought much wealth to the Han, as they exported much more than they imported.
Wudi’s public schools taught Confucianism. Grand School in capital. In 100 years, 30,000 studied there.

14. His jade suit has 2498 pieces!
Liu Sheng Tomb (d. 113 BCE)
His jade suit has 2498 pieces!

15. Han Artifacts
Imperial Seal
Han Ceramic House

16. Ceramics, Later Han Period

17. Trade Routes of the Ancient World

18. Han – Roman Empire Connection

19. Why Han Fell Generals divided into 3 kingdoms
Poor land ownership and currency reform
Peasant rebellions
Decline in morals and values
Public health and urban decay
Political corruption
Unemployment and inflation
Military spending