1. Complete the Genocide Review Warm Up
Options:
Bosnia
Cambodia
Armenia
Rwanda
Darfur

2. Terrorism: True or False
ISIS was responsible for the 9/11 attacks.
Nearly 3,000 people died in the 9/11 attacks.
Osama bin Laden, the leader of Al Qaeda, was captured in 2001.
Most of the plane hijackers on 9/11 were from Afghanistan.
In response to the 9/11 attacks, the US passed the Patriot Act, invaded Afghanistan, and increased surveillance.
1, F Al Qaeda. 2 T. 3 F, F 5 T.
4- 15 were citizens of Saudi Arabia, and the others were from the United Arab Emirates (2), Egypt, and Lebanon.

3. TERRORISM: CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY
Terrorism: The use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
LG: Explain how the development of radical Islamic fundamentalism affected the second half of the 20th century and how the US has responded to terrorism after 9/11.

4. International Terrorism
Many different types
Groups for fighting for independence
Chechnya, Palestine…
Extremist groups
advocating for a specific religion, government, belief system

5. Radical Islamic Fundamentalism
Radical Islamic fundamentalism encompasses many different groups
Many view the spread of Western culture as a threat to Islamic traditions.
Different groups have different goals:
eradicating all forms of evil
setting up an Islamic caliphate
gaining control of a country
ending of the country of Israel
Some people belief radical Islamists are not true Muslims

6. Israel/Palestine & Terrorism
In recent decades, some Palestinians have turned to terrorism to fight Israel
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) provided leadership for displaced Palestinian refugees
In the 1970s, the PLO began responding to Israel’s policies with terrorism
Suicide bombings
Attacked Israeli school
Murdered 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics
Hijacked planes

7. IRANIAN REVOLUTION 1979 1951-’53: Mohammad Mosaddegh rules Iran
Democratically elected
Nationalized the oil industry
Overthrown in a coup d’etat
1960s & 70s – Shah of Iran, Reza Pahlavi
Westernizes Iran
Very corrupt and brutal dictator, supported by USA
1979: Iranian Revolution
Shah is overthrown after massive protests
Ayatollah Khomeini becomes Iran’s new leader
New constitution based on the Qur’an
Supports acts of terrorism in Lebanon & elsewhere
Seizure of hostages from US Embassy in Tehran
Iran = Islamic Theocracy
Some scholars point to
Mohammad Mosaddegh
Shah of Iran
Ayatollah Khomeini

8. 1990s: AN INCREASE IN GLOBAL TERRORISM
Palestinian intifada & PLO sponsored terrorist acts
Taliban rose to power in Afghanistan after withdrawal of Soviet troops and subsequent civil war
Growth of al Qaeda terrorist group after the Persian Gulf War Created in the mountains of Afghanistan
Caves to hide in
Osama bin Laden, al Qaeda’s leader, deeply upset about US troops stationed in Saudi Arabia & US support of Israel
US also faced domestic terrorism – Oklahoma City truck bombing in 1995
Killed 168, including 19 children
Right-wing extremist former US
army soldiers

9. September 11, 2001 4 planes, 19 al Qaeda hijackers
2 planes flown into the World Trade Center (WTC) in NYC
1 flown into the Pentagon in Virginia
1 crashed in Pennsylvania, instead of elsewhere thanks to those on board
Nearly 3,000 killed

13. THE US RESPONSE TO 9/11 “War on Terror” goals:
Bring Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda to justice
Prevent the emergence of other terrorist networks
Invasions of Afghanistan & Iraq
Dept. of Homeland Security created & USA PATRIOT Act signed into law
Stricter security, more surveillance
Economic & military sanctions imposed on states suspected of harboring terrorists
Global surveillance & intelligence sharing increased
May 4, US forces kill Osama bin Laden

14. A Political Cartoonist’s perspective

15. ISIS/ISIL Roots to Al Qaeda in Iraq- founded by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
Began fighting for land when the civil war broke out in Syria in 2013
Took control of regions in Iraq & Syria
Goal: creating Islamic state (caliphate) & implementing sharia law
Known for horrific acts of violence, rape, execution & terrorism

16. ISIS affiliated attacks in the West
November 2015, Paris Attacks: In a series of attacks, bombers and shooters terrorized the streets of Paris, killing 130 people.
December 2015, San Bernardino Attack: A married couple opened fire at the Inland Regional Center in California and killed 14 people.
March 2016, Brussels Bombings: Bombings at Brussels Airport in Belgium and a nearby Metro station June 2016, Pulse Nightclub Shooting: A gunman opened fire inside a gay nightclub in Orlando, Fla., and killed 49 people.
July 2016, Nice Attack: A terrorist driving a truck mowed down a crowd of people in the French Riviera town, killing 86.
December 2016, Berlin Attack: A man hijacked and drove a truck into a Christmas market in Berlin, killing himself and 11 others.
May 2017, Manchester Attack: A single suicide bomber killed 22 people during an Ariana Grande concert at the Manchester Arena in England.