Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow. Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow.

Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow

Objectives Distinguish between analog form and digital form.
State the functions of word processing, page composition, and illustration programs. Explain the functions of PDLs. Summarize the functions of Print Production Format (PPF) and Job Definition Format (JDF). © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Objectives Cite the definition of preflighting and explain its importance to prepress production. Describe the basic creation, transmission, and output of electronic media. List proofing methods used in the printing industry. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Objectives Identify the basic functions of raster image processors (RIPs), imagesetters, and platesetters. Define digital printing. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Analog vs. Digital Most images enter the work flow in analog form and are converted to digital form Analog images are continuous and can vary in density Digital images consist of cells on a grid (pixels) © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Transition to Digital
Image reproduction was originally limited to type and black-and-white line drawings Invention of photography in the 1800s made it possible to capture photographic images Reproducing these images was not possible until the invention of the halftone screen in 1886 Electronic scanners and digital cameras are used now © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Computer Platforms Major ones in use today:
PC Macintosh computer Defined by operating system used Many service bureaus use a particular platform Cross-platform programs, formats, or devices work on different platforms © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Software Programs Used for many applications in the printing industry
Text creation and editing are done in word processing programs Text can be imported into a page composition program Other software is used for image creation and manipulation and imposition © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Paint Programs Create or transform images into bitmap graphics
Bitmap graphic—pattern of pixels arranged on a grid Number of bits in a pixel is the bit depth One-Bit Pixels Eight-Bit Pixels © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Draw Programs Use straight and curved lines to produce vector graphics
Vector graphics are represented as mathematical formulas Can be greatly enlarged and still remain sharp Require less computer memory than bitmap files © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Image Manipulation Programs
Paint programs that generate bitmap graphics More advanced programs allow manipulation of almost any aspect of an image Cropping images Changing color and contrast Removing and replicating images © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Page Composition Programs
Integrate files produced by very different types of software Understand different languages used and translate elements into a common language © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Translating Files PDL directs imaging performed by the output devices
Interpreters translate PostScript page descriptions line by line into patterns of dots or pixels Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files include low-resolution representations of documents © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Portable Document Format (PDF)
Evolved out of PostScript technology Designed to support: CD-ROMs Internet- and intranet-page production Digital-printing technologies Digital work flow of computer-to-plate (CTP) technology A good preflighting tool © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Integrating All of Production
International Cooperation for Integration of Prepress, Press, and Postpress (CIP3) was created to reduce compatibility problems CIP3 produced Print Production Format (PPF) PPF evolved into Job Definition Format (JDF) © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Desktop Publishing Basis for all electronic prepress
Used to produce art, copy, and page composition Pages are output as laser proofs Corrected files are translated to PostScript format and sent to printer © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Stages of Electronic Prepress
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Power Supply When electrical power supply is disrupted, digital work flow is halted An uninterruptible power supply saves time and prevents work-flow interruptions Desktop computers can use a small battery supply Some uninterruptible power-supply systems protect from power surges © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Service Bureaus Contracted by publishers to scan high-resolution images or output film Provide link between publishers or ad agencies and printers Some offer a full range of prepress services Output service bureaus limit their services to high-resolution output from PostScript files © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

File Formats Attention must be paid to the format in which data is stored Text files can be saved in various formats and reformatted for use in other programs Graphic image formats are not as flexible © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Caution Digital data can become damaged or corrupted
Always back up your files on a regular basis When you make backup copies, you are copying your files to a second medium as a precaution, in case the first medium fails or is destroyed © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

File-Naming Conventions
Carefully naming files keeps work organized File names should not begin with a space Each file name should be unique Only alphanumeric characters should be used Appropriate file extensions should be used Automatic picture replacement (APR) files should not be renamed because the name of the file links to high-res image © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Preflighting Orderly review of files to identify problems:
No laser proofs supplied Incorrect page sizes Inadequate image bleeds Scans supplied in wrong file format Scitex Graphic Arts Users Association (SGAUA) publishes the Computer Ready Electronic File (CREF) II guidelines © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Preflighting Chart © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Preflighting Chart (Cont.)

Checklist for Materials

File Repair Digitally send files to a data-repair and recovery service Purchase file-repair software Repairs certain film formats, media, or application files Recovers graphics files that were accidentally deleted © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Monitors Software used for word processing and page layout provides a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) display Color-management software provides a What You See Is What You Print (WYSIWYP) display Resolution and dot pitch are important © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Types of Monitors Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitors
Images are generated from beams of electrons striking phosphors on inside of screen Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors Consist of a coating of liquid crystals between two thin sheets of polarized glass Plasma display monitors Cells containing plasma are activated by a small electric current © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CRT Monitors © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

LCD Monitors © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Plasma Display Monitors

Types of Printers Dot matrix printers Ink-jet printers Laser printers
Thermal printers Dye sublimation printers © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Types of Ink-Jet Printers
Drop-on-demand ink-jet printers Thermal ink-jet printers Piezoelectric ink-jet printers Continuous ink-jet printers Emit a steady stream of droplets that receive electrical charges Designed more for speed than image quality © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Thermal Ink-Jet Printers

Piezoelectric Ink-Jet Printers

Laser Printers © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Engine Speed Maximum number of pages the printer can output in full- or single-color mode Measured in pages per minute © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Caution Some ink-jet and laser printers use agents that can be irritating or toxic Laser toner can be an irritant to the respiratory tract and eyes MSDSs are available from the toner vendor or manufacturer © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Types of Proofs Hard proofs Soft proofs Digital proofs Contract proofs

Proofing Customers often require proofs that accurately represent color and halftone reproduction Digital-proofing systems can simulate the dot gain expected on press Remote proofing allows a printer to send digital files to out-of-town clients © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Imagesetters © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Types of Imagesetters © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Imagesetter Calibration
Ensures high-quality output and repeatability Imagesetter maintenance is important © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Platesetters Eliminate the need for film by exposing directly to plate material Categories: Flatbed platesetters Internal-drum platesetters External-drum platesetters © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Imagesetting Systems Consist of imagesetter and raster image processor (RIP) RIP translates language of page-layout software into language of imagesetters and platesetters Conversion of vector images to raster images is rasterization Interpreter in the hardware converts files © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

RIP Conversion © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Automated Ink Control In the past, ink keys were manually set to ensure that areas of the plate received the right amount of ink In the 1900s, plate scanners were developed, which set ink controls automatically Now, digital data from the RIP can also set the ink keys automatically © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Digital Printing Any method of printing in which imaging of the plate occurs on press Includes two processes: Digital imaging (DI) technology Advantages are shorter production time, reduced labor costs, cost-effective short runs, and greater registration control Digital toner-based press technology Main advantage is variable data printing (VDP) © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Internet Used to communicate, transfer documents, and sell products and services Originally developed for the military Fastest growing part is the World Wide Web (WWW) © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions What is the main difference between analog form and digital form? Analog images are continuous and can vary in density, while digital images consist of tiny cells on a very fine grid. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions Text creation and editing should be done in a(n) _____ program. word processing © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions What is the main function of a PDL?
A PDL directs the imaging that an output device performs. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions PPF evolved into _____, which is a standard method of communication that eliminates the need for data to be reentered as a job moves from one system to another during production. Job Definition Format (JDF) © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions What do we call the orderly review of files to identify potential problems that could occur during production? Preflighting © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions Which of the following types of printers operates very similarly to photocopying machines? A. Dot matrix printer B. Dye sublimation printer C. Ink-jet printer D. Laser printer D. Laser printer © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions What is the difference between hard proofs and soft proofs? Hard proofs are tangible sheets of paper made directly from digital files, while soft proofs are the images displayed on a computer monitor. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions A(n) _____ is a high-resolution output device that takes bitmap data generated by a RIP and writes it to film, paper, or printing plates, using a laser that writes the data line by line. imagesetter © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions What is digital printing?
Any reproduction technology that receives electronic files and uses spots (or dots) for replication. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Analog image Automatic picture replacement (APR)
An image created by variations in voltage or density, instead of digitized numerical values. Automatic picture replacement (APR) A process by which high-resolution image files are automatically substituted for low-resolution image files at output time. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Bit depth Bitmap graphic
The number of bits used to represent each pixel of an image. Bitmap graphic A digital representation of an image created with pixels arranged in rows and columns. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor Computer platform
A large vacuum tube with an inside surface that is a flat screen on which images appear when light is selectively allowed to strike it. Computer platform The basic computer architecture, or hardware, a particular model uses. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Computer Ready Electronic File (CREF) II guidelines
The guidelines the SGAUA publishes to improve prepress productivity. Computer-to-plate (CTP) technology A combination platemaking and printing process that allows plates to be imaged directly from electronic data. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Continuous ink-jet printer Contract proof
A device that emits a steady stream of tiny drops of ink. Contract proof A color proof representing the appearance of the finished printed product that the printer and the client agreed on. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Cross-platform Desktop publishing
The capacity to function with two or more computer platforms, such as the Microsoft Windows operating system, Linux software, and Mac OS operating system software. Desktop publishing The process of creating and assembling pages on a desktop computer. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Digital image Digital imaging (DI) technology
An image created by a unique combination of numerical values known as bits. Digital imaging (DI) technology The hardware and software that images a plate on the press. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Digital printing Digital proof
Any reproduction technology that receives electronic files and uses spots (or dots) for replication. Digital proof A proof generated by outputting files on a high-resolution, high-quality printer, rather than from film separations. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Digital toner-based press technology Dot gain
A type of DI in which the image is imparted to the plate by electrically charging image areas that attract toner material. Dot gain The optical increase in the size of a halftone dot during prepress operations or the mechanical increase in halftone-dot size that occurs as the image is transferred from plate to blanket to paper. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Dot matrix printer Draw program
A low-quality output device that prints dots to form an image. Draw program A software program used to produce and manipulate vector graphics. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Drop-on-demand ink-jet printer Dye sublimation printer
A device that emits tiny drops of ink when commanded by digital data. Dye sublimation printer An electronic output device that produces photographic-quality digital color proofs using a sublimable dye. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file Engine speed
A file format used to transfer PostScript-image information from one program to another and for outputting to an imagesetter. Engine speed The maximum number of pages per minute the printer can output in full- or single-color mode. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Hard proof Hardware
A proof printed onto a sheet of paper or other material. Hardware The basic computer architecture a particular model uses. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Image manipulation program Imagesetter
A graphics program providing a variety of special features for altering bitmap images. Imagesetter A high-resolution output device that takes bitmap data generated by a RIP and writes it to film, paper, or printing plates, using a laser that writes the data line by line. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Imagesetting system Ink-jet printer
An imagesetter and its RIP. Ink-jet printer A computer output device that forms images with a printhead containing nozzles that shoot tiny dots of ink onto the substrate. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary International Cooperation for Integration of Prepress, Press, and Postpress (CIP3) An association working to produce systems for digital documents that can be created in prepress and used to set up press and finishing devices. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Internet A worldwide computer network in which smaller networks and individual computers are connected to each other by means of a complex system of routers and gateways. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Interpreter Job Definition Format (JDF)
A computer program residing on a controller board in the printer. Job Definition Format (JDF) A format that allows data input by customers seeking an estimate to be used by workstations involved in the job’s production. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Laser printer Laser proof
A medium- to high-quality computer output device that uses a laser beam to polarize images on the drum. Laser proof A proof created on a laser printer. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor Output device
A flat screen on which images appear by the rotation of selected liquid crystals. Output device A target for information held in the central computer unit. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Output service bureau Page composition program
A supplier generally specializing in PostScript output, rather than in a broader range of color separation and prepress service. Page composition program Computer software that allows the user to determine the page size and format and to assemble the page elements. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Paint program Piezoelectric ink-jet printer
Computer software that allows the user to create original bitmap graphics or manipulate existing ones. Piezoelectric ink-jet printer A device that emits tiny drops of ink when the ink chamber is squeezed. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Plasma display monitor Platesetter
A flat screen on which images appear when electrons strike selected cells and cause the creation of UV light, which in turn, creates visible light. Platesetter The platemaking component of a CTP system, used to image plates containing paginated text and graphics. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Portable document format (PDF) Preflighting
A file format Adobe Systems developed for representing documents in a manner that is independent of the original program software, hardware, and operating system used to create those documents. Preflighting An orderly review of files to identify things that might cause problems during prepress operations or at the output stage. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Prepress service Print Production Format (PPF)
A service bureau offering a full range of prepress services, including everything from manual page composition to high-end scanning and RIPping. Print Production Format (PPF) A format that allows data input at the beginning of a job’s production to be read by several workstations throughout the job’s production. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Printer Proof
An electronic device that outputs digital information onto a substrate, such as paper. Proof A prototype of the printed job made digitally from electronic data, photochemically from film and dyes, or photomechanically from plates. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Raster image processor (RIP) Rasterization
A hardware-software combination that interprets digital data into an array of dots (a bitmap), which can be output through an imagesetter marking engine. Rasterization The process of converting mathematical and digital information into a series of dots by an imagesetter or a platesetter for the production of film or plates. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Remote proofing Repeatability
Sending a digital image across the Internet to a proofer located in a different location. Repeatability The ability of an imagesetter or another device to achieve exactly the same results each time, given the same data. This ability is a critical specification for accurate color-film separations. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Service bureau Soft proof
A supplier providing services such as high-resolution scanning or film output. Soft proof A proof displayed on a computer screen. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Software Thermal ink-jet printer
A computer program that initiates the functions of a computer, such as word processing, page composition, and image creation and manipulation. Thermal ink-jet printer A device that emits tiny drops of ink through the use of heat. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Thermal printer Uninterruptible power supply
A computer output device that uses the thermal transfer process to output color images. Uninterruptible power supply A battery that supplies temporary power to a computer when there is a power loss. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Variable data printing (VDP) Vector graphic
A type of digital printing that allows different type and images to be printed on consecutive press sheets because the plate is reimaged between impressions. Vector graphic An electronic image represented as mathematical formulas that define all the shapes in the image, as well as their placements on a page. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG)
The ability of computers to display text, graphics, color, and other page elements almost exactly the way they will print. What You See Is What You Print (WYSIWYP) Software that adjusts printers and other output devices to output the same colors seen on the monitor. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Glossary Word processing program World Wide Web (WWW)
Computer software that allows the user to compose the text, or body matter, of a page. World Wide Web (WWW) An interlinked collection of pages corresponding to files on widely separated computers. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow. Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow. Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow. Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow. Chapter 13 Electronic Work Flow."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback