1. HIV/AIDS
I am positive
Awareness
Reflections

2. BARRIERS
Physical
Skin
Hair
Mucus

3. CHEMICAL
Sweat
Mucus membranes
Mucus
Saliva
Tears
Cilia
Stomach acid

4. Are HIV and AIDS the same thing?
Are They?

5. HIV “Human Immunodeficiency Virus”
A specific type of virus (a retrovirus, 8 genes that can change)
HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself.
No Cure

6. AIDS HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection
A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system
Less than 200 t-cells
No Cure

7. Four Stages of HIV

8. Stage 1 - Primary
Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection
no symptoms at all
Infected person can infect other people

9. Stage 2 - Asymptomatic Lasts for any number of years
This stage is free from symptoms
There may be swollen glands
The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels
HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

10. Stage 3 - Symptomatic The symptoms are mild, similar to the flu
The immune system deteriorates
emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers

11. Stage 4 - HIV  AIDS The immune system weakens
The illnesses become more severe leading to an AIDS diagnosis

12. Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission
+ or -

13. Through Bodily Fluids
Blood products
Semen
Vaginal fluids
Breast Milk

14. Sharing Needles Through IV Drug Use Without sterilization
Increases the chances of contracting HIV

15. Through Sex
Vaginal
Oral
Anal
Digital Sex

16. Mother-to-Baby Breastfeeding Before Birth During Birth Postpartum
After the birth

17. Testing Options for HIV
Positive

18. Should I get tested? Have you ..
Had sex without knowing for sure if the person or persons you had sex with do not have HIV?
Had sex with someone you know has HIV or AIDS?
Had a disease passed on by sex,like genital herpes or syphilis?
(Having these diseases make it easier to get HIV)

19. Had sex with many men or women or had sex with someone who has sex with many men or women ?
*Had sex with someone who has used needles to take drugs?
*Shared needles to take drugs?
*Drank breast milk?

20. If you answered yes to any of those questions then you should
GET TESTED

22. Anonymous Testing No name is used Unique identifying number
Results issued only to test recipient
Anonymous

23. Confidential Testing Person’s name is recorded along with HIV results
Name and positive results are reported to the State Department and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Results issued only to test recipient

24. Administration
Blood
Urine
Oral

25. Blood Detection Tests Western Blot Confirmatory test
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA)
Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Western Blot Confirmatory test

26. Urine Testing Urine Western Blot As sensitive as testing blood
Safe way to screen for HIV
Can cause false positives in certain people at high risk for HIV

27. Oral Testing Orasure The only FDA approved HIV antibody.
As accurate as blood testing
Draws blood-derived fluids from the gum tissue.
NOT A SALIVA TEST!

28. Home based HIV testing Don’t need prescription
Can buy from any pharmacy
Mail sample in of saliva from gums, then call toll free number with a code number=need to pay

29. WINDOW PERIOD As long as 6 months Can transmit HIV to others
Body has not yet made enough antibodies to HIV, so tests may be “false negative”

30. If I test positive do I need to report it?
If the CD4 <500
Health Care Providers will be in violation of the Public Health Law if not reported

31. COUNSELING
Counseling

32. Pre-test Counseling Transmission Prevention Risk Factors
Voluntary & Confidential
Reportability of Positive Test Results

33. Post-test Counseling Clarifies test results
Need for additional testing
Promotion of safe behavior
Release of results

34. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS
Bacterial
Tuberculosis (TB)
Strep pneumonia
Viral
Kaposi Sarcoma-KS KS
Herpes
Influenza (flu)

35. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS
Parasitic
Pneumocystis carinii (leading cause of death of AIDS patients) PCP
Fungal
Candida-Thrush candida thrush
Cryptococcus

36. Treatment Options

37. Antiretroviral Drugs AZT (Zidovudine) Protease inhibitors
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
AZT (Zidovudine)
Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors
Viramune (Nevirapine)
Protease inhibitors
Norvir (Ritonavir)

38. Opportunistic Infection Treatment
Issued in an event where antiretroviral drugs are not available

39. Four ways to protect yourself?
Abstinence
Monogamous Relationship
Protected Sex
Sterile needles

40. Abstinence
It is the only 100 % effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS.
Refraining from sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal.
Refraining from intravenous drug use

41. Monogamous relationship
A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner) relationship with a person who is not infected with HIV
HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to prove your partner is not infected

42. Protected Sex
Use condoms (female or male) every time you have sex (vaginal or anal)
Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a natural skin condom)
Always use a latex barrier during oral sex

43. Remember When Using A Condom To:
Make sure the package is not expired
Make sure to check the package for damages
Do not open the package with your teeth for risk of tearing
Never use the condom more than once
Use water-based rather than oil-based condoms

44. Sterile Needles
If a needle/syringe or cooker is shared, it must be disinfected

45. Needle Exchange Program
Non-profit Organization, which provides sterile needles in exchange for contaminated ones
Summary