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Chapter 16 Slavery
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Intro/Cotton Is King From the Revolution to 1793 slavery on its way out Slave chained to Gin, planter chained to slave Caused planter to constantly look for more land
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North profited form slavery too
Sell cotton to get money for manufacturing By 1840 ½ of us export is cotton South produced ½ of worlds cotton
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Britain needs South Made south feel superior
Cotton was King, gin his throne, slaves his henchmen
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Planter aristocracy South: oligarchy
Most slave-owners own large plantations Controlled wealth Nobless Oblige Wide gap between rich and poor, uneducated and educated Lived in old world: Sir Walter Scott Ivanhoe Maryland makes Jousting state sport in 1962
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Southern Women(still aristocracy)
Lady of Plantation: Lot of power Manage house Manage slave Social status Did not support abolition
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Slaves of Slave System Plantations: expensive
Land Butchery Small farmers give up and go west, plantation owners bought up land (slaves to the slave system)
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How did slavery/farming = financial instability
Betting on crops Live in debt Beholden to banks Slaves expensive and unpredictable Would they work Disease? One crop economy North makes profit South furnished the corpse and the hole in the ground
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White majority 2/3 of south owned less then 10 slaves
Only ¼ quarter owned slaves Most had small farm and maybe 1 slave Biggest group had no slaves at all Hated upper class Snobocracy Sustenance farmers Rednecks/ Crackers: slavery was American dream
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Mountain Whites (still white majority)
Appalachian MTS Did not fit definition of south Fought against slavery Unique way of talking
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Free Blacks Slaves without masters Some blacks in south free: 250000
Upper south freed because of Revolution Lower south Mulattos free Some Purchased their freedom Third race Not allowed in certain jobs Could not testify against whites Hijacked into slavery Constant reminders that slavery did not have to exist
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African Americans in North (still Free Blacks)
Racism No vote Not allowed in some schools (swamp) Competition for jobs with immigrants Even Frederick Douglas beaten
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Plantation Slavery 4 million slaves in 1860
1808 legal importation had stopped Black Ivory still traded Very few punished for illegal trade Slavery was an investment Had to be cared for Not put in dangerous situation Sold for profit Auctions: Brutal and dehumanizing
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Life Under the Lash Conditions varied but never good
Worked from light to dark Drivers and Breakers Slavery grew in Black Belt Isolation Tried to keep families Social norms Religion mixed Christian and African roots
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Burdens of Bondage Degrading No education Able to Rebel in own ways
-some sabotage -Runaway -Rebellions Prosser 1800 Vesey 1822 Turner 1831
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Early Abolition Slowly people started speak out Roots Quakers
American Colonization Society 1817 1822 Liberia started Capital Monrovia -Why a failure?
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1833 Brits stop slavery in W Indies
1830s started to pick up 1833 Brits stop slavery in W Indies Second Great Awakening spurred freedom Meetings trained people
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Weld: Appealed to Rural and uneducated
Influenced by Tappan Brothers Paid for his seminary Learned from Beecher Weld expelled for being too aggressive Wrote pamphlet: America as it is: Inspired Uncle Tom
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Radical Abolitionism 1831 Garrison Inspired by 2GA The Liberator
Actually talked about seceding from S Burned Constitution 1833 American Anti Slavery Society Garrison
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Phillips: Golden Trumpet
No sugar, no cotton clothes
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African American Abolitionists (still radical)
David Walker: Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World Sojourner Truth Martin Delaney Recolonization Frederick Douglass Escaped slave 1845 Narrative Practical Political End
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South Lashes Back 1831-2 South tries to quiet Slave codes tightened
Turner actually hurt cause Garrison wanted man in S Nullification Crisis hurt Christian/Bible defense 1836 Gag Resolution 1835 cannot mail anti slavery
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Abolitionist Impact on N
At first unpopular Why? Economic, racism Tappans, Garrison, Lovejoy attacked 1850s time changed People started talking leave it where it is, but not in territories: Free Soil
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