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Spatial Data Processing
GIS Tutorial 1 Lecture 8 Spatial Data Processing
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Outline Attribute extraction Feature location extraction
Location proximities Geoprocessing tools Model builder GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Lecture 8 Attribute extraction GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Attribute query extraction
You have tracts for an entire state, but want tracts for one county only GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Attribute query extraction
Select tracts by County FIPS ID Cook County = 031 GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Attribute query extraction
Cook County tracts selected Export to new feature class or shapefile GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Export selected features
Right-click to export selected features GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Add new layer Cook County tracts GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Feature location extraction
Lecture 8 Feature location extraction GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Select by location Powerful function unique to GIS
Identify spatial relationships between layers Finds features that are within another layer GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Select by location Have Cook County census tracts but want City of Chicago only Can’t use Select By Attributes No attribute for Chicago Use “Municipality” layer City Chicago is a municipality within Cook County GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Select by location Select “Chicago” from municipalities layer
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Select by location Selection, Select By location
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Export selected features
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Lecture 8 location proximities GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Points near polygons Health officials want to know polluting companies near water features GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Points near points School officials want to know what schools are near polluting companies GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Polygons intersecting lines
Transportation planner wants to know what neighborhoods are affected by construction project on major highway GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Lines intersecting polygons
Public works official wants to know what streets or sidewalks will be affected by potential floods GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Polygons completely within polygons
City planners want to know what buildings are completely within a zoning area. GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Lecture 8 Geoprocessing tools GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Geoprocessing overview
GIS operations to manipulate data Typically take input data sets, manipulate, and produce output data sets Often use multiple data sets GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Common geoprocessing tools
Analysis Extract – Clip Overlay – intersect and union Data management Generalization - dissolve General Append Merge GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Accessing tools Geoprocessing menu GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Accessing tools ArcToolbox GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Accessing tools Search window GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Clip Acts like a “cookie cutter” to create a subset of features
Clip features (Central Business District) Input features (streets) Output features (CBD streets) GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Clip GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Clip vs select by location
Clean edges Looks good Select by location Dangling edges Better for geocoding GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Dissolve Combines adjacent polygons to create new, larger polygons
Uses common field value to remove interior lines within each polygon, forming the new polygons Aggregate (sums) data while dissolving GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Dissolve Create regions using U.S. states
Use SUB_REGION field to dissolve Sum population GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Dissolve GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Dissolve results States dissolved to form regions
Population summed for each region GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Append Appends one or more data sets into an existing data set
Features must be of the same type Input datasets may overlap one another and/or the target dataset TEST option: field definitions of the feature classes must be the same and in the same order for all appended features NO TEST option: Input features schemas do not have to match the target feature classes's schema GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Append DuPage and Cook County are combining public works and need a new single street centerline file. GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Append Append will add DuPage streets to Cook County streets
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Resultant layer One street layer (Cook County) with all records and field items GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Merge Combines multiple input datasets of the same data type into a single, new output dataset Illinois campaign manager needs a single voting district map but wants to preserve the original layers GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Merge GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Resultant layer New voting district layer
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Union Overlays two polygon layers
Resulting output layer has combined attribute data of the two inputs Contains all the polygons from the inputs, whether or not they overlap GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Union Neighborhoods and ZIP Codes GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Union GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Union Better describes characteristics of a neighborhood.
Central business district vs 15219 GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Union Attributes tables contain different fields and data
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Union results New polygons with combined data
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Intersect Computes a geometric intersection of the Input Features
Features (or portions of features which overlap in all layers and/or feature classes) will be written to the Output Feature Class Inputs can have different geometry types GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Intersect City manager needs to know what buildings intersect flood zones and wants the flood data attached to each intersecting building GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Intersect GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Intersect result Only building polygons that intersect flood zones with combined data fields GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Lecture 8 Model builder GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Model builder overview
Workflow processes can be complicated Models automate and string functions together Example You have census tracts for a county and want to create neighborhoods for a city Many steps are needed to create neighborhoods (join, dissolve, etc) GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Starting map TIGER census tracts and municipalities
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Final map Tracts dissolved to create neighborhoods
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Crosswalk table Neighborhood names are not included with the census tracts, so a crosswalk table was created with the name of neighborhood for each census tract Some neighborhoods are made of multiple tracts GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Set geoprocessing options
Geoprocessing, geoprocessing options GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Create a new toolbox Catalog GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Create a new model Right-click new Toolbox
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Add tool to model Add Join Tool To join crosswalk table to tracts…
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Set parameter for Join Tool
Joins crosswalk table to census tracts GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Model steps Add Join Dissolve Remove join
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Finished model GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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Summary Attribute extraction Feature location extraction
Location proximities Geoprocessing tools Model builder GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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