1. The End of the Cold War and the New World Order
Ch. 6 (p )

2. The End of the Cold War 1980s: major changes in USSR
New leader Mikhail Gorbachev
Proposes reduction in the militaries of superpowers – too expensive
Perestroika (reconstruction)
Political and economic changes
Glasnost (openness)
Governmental transparency, greater freedom of speech

3. Mikhail Gorbachev

4. Mikhail Gorbachev

5. The End of the Cold War
Other communist countries demand similar changes
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Divided democratic west and communist east Berlin
Symbolized the separation of capitalist and communist countries – “Iron Curtain”
Torn down by citizens of Berlin in 1989
China
Allowed some economic reforms
People wanted political reforms too, but government quashed this in the Tiananmen Square Massacre of 1989
Several hundred protesters killed by Chinese military

6. The Fall of the Berlin Wall

7. Tiananmen Square

8. The End of the Cold War Fall of the Soviet Union
1991: Communist Party unable to hold onto power
Soviet Union (USSR) splits up into 15 different countries
Russia and other former Soviet Republics become democracies, hold elections
Cold War is over

9. The End of the Cold War

10. New World Order USA becomes the world’s only superpower
2009: China and other BRIC countries on their way?
High hopes that an era of peace would follow
Wars continue (Yugoslavia, Middle East, Africa…)
Canada’s role as peacekeeper or peacemaker continues

11. Somalia Country in East Africa
: Somali Civil War leads to chaos and starvation
1992: United Nations send in troops to make Somalia safe for humanitarian aid missions
Canada contributes forces, including Canadian Airborne Regiment (CAR)

13. Somalia
16 March 1993: Somali teenager, possible thief, found by CAR soldiers
Teen tortured and beaten to death by several soldiers
Took “trophy” photos
Other soldiers and officers knew assault was occurring, did nothing to stop it
One officer reportedly said, "I don't care what you do, just don't kill the guy“.
Screams heard around the area

14. Somalia Aftermath 9 soldiers and officers charged
4 found guilty of charges ranging from negligence to 2nd degree murder
Main attacker attempted suicide, suffered brain damage, unable to stand trial
Politicians and high-ranking members of the military attempted a cover-up
Led to investigation, resignations
Canadian Airborne Regiment disbanded
Culture of racism in regiment
Disturbing videos of hazing rituals surfaced

15. Somali pirates

16. Rwanda Country in central Africa 1990-1993: Rwandan Civil War
Conflict between two main ethnicities: Hutu and Tutsi
1993: United Nations peacekeepers sent in after ceasefire reached
Led by Canadian General Roméo Dallaire
Canadian troops also part of the mission
1994: Civil war resumes, genocide begins

18. Gen. Roméo Dallaire

19. Rwanda
Gen. Dallaire appeals to UN to send more troops to stop growing genocide
UN and USA refuse
Dallaire had fewer than 300 UN soldiers, unable to stop genocide
In just 100 days, approx. 800,000 Rwandans killed, mostly Tutsis
UN and USA eventually agree to send more troops

20. Rwanda The international response to the genocide was limited
Romeo Dallaire’s book, Shake Hands with the Devil, asks: “are all humans human?” (should we put the good of humanity above our own self-interest?)