1. FIGURE 5.22 Natural seeding by cirrus clouds may form bands of precipitation downwind of a mountain chain.
Fig. 5-22, p.127

2. FIGURE 5.23 The streaks of falling precipitation that evaporate before reaching the ground are called virga.
Fig. 5-23, p.128

3. * * * Below freezing all the way down 3000 2000
Height above the ground (m) *
1000
-20
-15
-10 -5 5 10 15
Temperature (°C)

4. * Below freezing above Above freezing below to sfc. 3000 2000
Height above the ground (m)
Above freezing
below to sfc.
1000
-20
-15
-10 -5 5 10 15
Temperature (°C)

5. * Below freezing above Above freezing layer in between
3000
2000
Above freezing
layer in between
Height above the ground (m)
1000
Thick subfreezing
layer near-sfc.
sleet
-20
-15
-10 -5 5 10 15
Temperature (°C)

6. * Below freezing above Above freezing layer in between freezing rain
3000
2000
Above freezing
layer in between
Height above the ground (m)
1000
freezing
rain
Below freezing in shallow
layer or at the surface
-20
-15
-10 -5 5 10 15
Temperature (°C)

7. FIGURE 5.31Hailstones begin as embryos (usually ice particles) that remain suspended in the cloud by violent updrafts. When the updrafts are tilted, the ice particles are swept horizontally through the cloud, producing the optimal trajectory for hailstone growth. Along their path, the ice particles collide with supercooled liquid droplets, which freeze on contact. The ice particles eventually grow large enough and heavy enough to fall toward the ground as hailstones.
Fig. 5-31, p.133

9. FIGURE 5.32 Components of the standard rain gauge.
Fig. 5-32, p.134

10. FIGURE 5. 33 The tipping bucket rain gauge
FIGURE 5.33 The tipping bucket rain gauge. Each time the bucket fills with one-hundredth of an inch of rain, it tips, sending an electric signal to the remote recorder.
Fig. 5-33, p.135

11. How RADAR works

12. How RADAR works
Transmitter sends
out microwave
pulse

13. How RADAR works
Part of pulse
reflected back

14.
RADAR
Reflectivity

15. RADAR Estimated Rainfall Total
FIGURE 5.34 (b) Doppler radar display showing1-hour rainfall amounts over Oklahoma for April 24, 1999.
Fig. 5-34b, p.136

16.
RADAR
Velocity

18. COLD
WARM

19. COLD
WARM
Density 
Density 

20. COLD
WARM
Shrinks down
Expands up

21. COLD
WARM
Less weight
More weight

22. COLD
WARM
LOW
HIGH
Pressure is

23. LOW HIGH COLD WARM Pressure is 100 mb 350 mb 100 mb 500 mb 350 mb

24. COLD
WARM
LOW
HIGH

25. FIGURE 6. 4 The mercury barometer
FIGURE 6.4 The mercury barometer. The height of the mercury column is a measure of atmospheric pressure.
Fig. 6-4, p.146

26. FIGURE 6.5 The aneroid barometer.
Fig. 6-5, p.146