1. Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research
Dr. Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, dr., MPd
Public Health Department; Medical Education Unit
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

2. Validity?
Reliability?
Rigour?
Trustworthiness?

3. Validity
Does the instrument or measurement strategy actually measure what evaluator purpots to measure?

4. Reliability
The consistency or dependability of the instrument or measurement strategy

5. Need to be conceptualised differently
Rigour
The concepts of validity and reliability are important in qualitative research
Need to be conceptualised differently

6. Rigorous qualitative studies
are more trustworthy and useful
Also attempts to provide information that is related to events

7. Rigour Credibility (truth value) Transferability (applicability)
Dependability (trustworthiness)
Confirmability (Neutrality)

8. Credibility: the confidence that can be placed in the truth of the research findings
Prolonged and varied field experience
Reflexivity (field journal)
Triangulation
Member checking
Peer examination
Interview technique

9. Transferability: to the degree to which the results of qualitative research can be transferred to other contexts with other respondents
Purposive sampling
Provide thick description

10. Dependability: “the stability of findings over time”
Audit trail
A code-recode strategy
Stepwise replication
Triangulation
peer examination or iterator comparisons

11. Confirmability: the degree to which the results of an inquiry could be confirmed or corroborated by other researchers
Audit trial
Reflexive journal
Triangulation

12. Techniques for ensuring rigour
Theoretical rigour
Methodological rigour
Interpretative rigour
Evaluative rigour

13. Theoretical rigour Theory and concept The research strategy
Research goals

14. How to assess theoretical rigour?
Publication (peer review)
Triangulation theory

15. Methodological or procedural rigour
Qualitative research should provide an explicit account of how the research was conducted by the researcher
Example: how the data was collected and recorded? The method of data coding and analysis?

16. Interpretative rigour and inter rater reliability
To demonstrated clearly how the interpretation was achieved
Participant feedback
Citation

17. Evaluative rigour: ethics and politics
Obtaining ethical approval

18. Prolonged engagement in field or research site: the researcher’s extended time in the field improves the trust of the respondents and provides a greater understanding of participants’ culture and context
Use of peer debriefing: seek support from other professionals willing to provide scholarly guidance, such a members of academic staff, the postgraduate dissertation committee and the department.

19. Triangulation: the use of multiple methods
Using a combination of methods, researcher, data sources and theories
Allows the research to develop a complex picture of the phenomenon being studies

20. Types of triangulation
Data source triangulation
Methods triangulation
Researcher triangulation
Theory triangulation

21. Member check: the analyzed and interpreted data is sent back to the participants for them to evaluate the interpretation made by the inquirer and to suggest changes if they are unhappy with it or because they had been misreported.
An audit trail: an examination of the inquiry process and product to validate the data, whereby a researcher accounts for all the research decisions and activities to show how the data were collected, recorded and analyzed

22. Stepwise replication: Stepwise replication is a qualitative research data evaluation procedure where two or more researchers analyze the same data separately and compare the results
Code-recode strategy: the researcher codingthe same data twice, giving one or two weeks’ gestation period between each coding. The results from the two codingsare compared to see if the results are the same or different

23. References
Rice Pl, Ezzy D, Qualitative Research Methods. Oxford University Press: South Melbourne
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research.The Qualitative Report, 8(4),
Noble, H, Smith, J. Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. Evid Based Nurs. Vol 18 (2)