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Who is Jim Crow? Start a notebook entry.

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Presentation on theme: "Who is Jim Crow? Start a notebook entry."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Who is Jim Crow? Start a notebook entry.
What do you already know about Jim Crow and segregation? What questions do you have? Essential Question: How did Jim Crow laws effect the lives of African Americans?

3 Little Rock, 1959. Rally at state capitol

4 Miscegenation laws in 16 states until 1967
Loving v. Virginia

5 13th Amendment Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime … shall exist within the United States …

6 14th Amendment Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post–Civil War issues.

7 15th Amendment Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied … on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude--

8 Reconstruction Reconstruction: the 12-year-period after the Civil War when the South’s political, social, and economic systems were reorganized to account for the end of slavery Federal (Northern) troops occupied the South.

9 Reconstruction, Pt 2 Federal troops guaranteed African American men's right to vote Military occupation would end when states rewrote their Constitutions to recognize the citizenship and voting rights of African American men

10 Compromise of 1877 What do you notice first? What do you notice that you didn’t expect? What do you notice that you can’t explain?

11 Compromise of 1877 The Compromise of 1877 resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election Democrats (South) agreed that Rutherford B. Hayes (North) would become president in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the granting of home rule in the South

12 Birth of Jim Crow Withdrawal of federal troops effectively ended the Reconstruction Era The North was no longer committed to protecting the rights of African Americans This saw the start of Jim Crow

13 Jim Crow Definition A system of laws in the South that required and enforced racial segregation.

14 Jim Crow Thomas “Daddy” Rice was a performer in the 1830s who made the character of Jim Crow popular. Whites began referring to African Americans as “Jim Crow” or “Crows”

15 Marriage - "All marriages between a white person and a negro, or between a white person and a person of negro descent to the fourth generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited." (Florida law) Marriage - "All marriages of white persons with Negroes, Mulattos, Mongolians, or Malaya hereafter contracted in the State of Wyoming are and shall be illegal and void." (Wyoming law) Hospitalization - "The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct apartments are arranged for said patients [in a mental hospital], so that in no cases shall Negroes and white persons be together." (Georgia law) Nursing - "No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms or hospitals, either public or private, where negro men are placed." (Alabama law)

16 Burial - "The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons." (Georgia law) Libraries - "The state librarian is directed to fit up and maintain a separate place for the use of the colored people who may come to the library for the purpose of reading books or periodicals." (North Carolina law) Teaching - "Any instructor who shall teach in any school, college or institution where members of the white and colored races are received and enrolled as pupils for instruction shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined..." (Oklahoma law) Schools - "Separate rooms [shall] be provided for the teaching of pupils of African descent, and [when] said rooms are provided, such pupils may not be admitted to the school rooms occupied and used by pupils of Caucasian or other descent." (New Mexico law) Schools - "[The County Board of Education] shall provide schools of two kinds; those for white children and those for colored children." (Texas law) Prison - "The warden shall see that the white convicts shall have separate apartments for both eating and sleeping from the negro convicts." (Mississippi law)

17 Barbering - "No colored person shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls." (Georgia law)
Toilets - "Every employer of white or negro males shall provide for such white or negro males reasonably accessible and separate toilet facilities." (Alabama law) Buses - "All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races." (Alabama law) Restaurants - "It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment." (Alabama law) Beer and Wine - "All persons licensed to conduct the business of selling beer or wine...shall serve either white people exclusively or colored people exclusively and shall not sell to two races within the same room at any time." (Georgia law) Amateur Baseball - "It shall be unlawful for any amateur white baseball team to play baseball on any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of a playground devoted to the Negro race, and it shall be unlawful for any amateur colored baseball team to play baseball in any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of any playground devoted to the white race." (Georgia law)

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19 Stop Notes Here

20 Primary Source Analysis
Observe: What do you notice first? • Find something small but interesting. • What do you notice that you didn’t expect? • What do you notice that you can’t explain? • What do you notice that you didn’t earlier? Reflect: Where do you think this came from? • Why do you think somebody made this? • What do you think was happening when this was made? • Who do you think was the audience for this item? • What tool was used to create this? • Why do you think this item is so important? • If somebody made this today, what would be different? • What can you learn from examining this? Question: What do you wonder about... who? • what? • when? • where? • why? • how?

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26 Where do you think this came from?
Why do you think somebody made this? What do you think was happening when this was made? Who do you think was the audience for this item?

27 Make a few observations.
Ask a few questions: What do you wonder about... who? • what? • when? • where? • why? • how?

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