1. Heading For War

2. Compromise of 1850 It was feared President Taylor would veto the bill
July 1850
Taylor Died
Millard Fillmore takes office
Stephan A. Douglas took over for Clay and the Compromise of 1850 was passed

3. Result of the Compromise of 1850
Southerners were not satisfied
Northerners were outraged by the Fugitive Slave Act
Allowed runaway slaves to be returned to owners from the North
California was admitted as a free state

5. Election of 1852
Whigs rejected President Fillmore because he supported the Compromise of 1850
The Whigs Nominate Winfield Scott
General from the Mex. Am. War
The Democrats nominate Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire
Pierce wins by a landslide

6. Decline of the Whigs
Many northern Whigs became tired of the parties Compromise on slavery
Old issues that divided parties had disappeared

7. Rise of the Know Nothings
there was a surge of immigrants
3 million Europeans arrived
Nativism was a feeling that native born Americans should be treated better than immigrants
The Order of the Star Spangled Banner was a group of nativists who responded “I know nothing when asked about their secret organization”

8. Know Nothings cont. Nativists go public and form the American Party
Pledged to work against Irish Catholic Immigrants
Wanted immigrants to wait longer before becoming a citizen
American Party was also known as the Know Nothings
The party did well in northern states

9. Who came up with a plan to decide the slavery issue in the Nebraska territory?
Why did he decide to split the territory?
What is popular sovereignty?
What was the name of the act that split the territory?
What did Douglas think the states would vote for? Why?
Did the act pass?
How did the north feel about it?
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11. Creation of the Republican Party
People in the North protested the Kansas-Nebraska bill
“stop the slave power” (south)
Wanted to prevent the spread of slavery and repeal the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Were supported by antislavery democrats, Whigs, and Free-Soilers

12. The System Fails

13. Kansas Kansas will vote to become a slave state or free state
Pro and antislavery groups try to encourage voters

14. Violence Erupts
Emigrant Aid societies were set up to send 1,200 New Englanders to Kansas to fight against slavery
These settlers were called free-soilers
Proslavery groups from Missouri crossed into Kansas and voted illegally
Kansas had 2 capitals in 1855
Topeka antislavery
Lecompton proslavery

15. Violence Erupts
May 21, 1856 clashes began when a group of southerners looted a newspaper office owned by Free-Soilers
John Brown (believed he was chosen by God to end slavery)
May 24 he led a group of New Englanders to a proslavery town and dragged 5 men out of bed and killed them in front of their families
A summer of violence erupted and Kansas became known as Bleeding Kansas

16. Did violence only take place in Kansas?
What happened between Brooks and Sumner?
How did Southerners and Northerners feel?
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17. Election of 1856 Candidates Republican John C. Fremont
Democrat James Buchanan
American Party Millard Fillmore

18. Election of 1856
Democrats supported the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Republicans wanted Kansas to enter the Union as a free state
Buchanan won the election with southern support
He said he would stop the agitation of the slavery issue

19. Dred Scott
The Supreme court would agitate the issue of slavery with the Dred Scott decision
March 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford
Scott was a slave who was taken to a free territory with his master
Scott claimed being in a free territory he was free

20. Dred Scott Scott had a suit against his master for freedom
Supreme Court voted 7 to 2 against Scott
Slaves were not citizens and therefore had no rights in court
Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
Slaves are property protected by the 5th amendment

21. Northern Outrage
Northerners despised the Supreme Court Decision against Scott
Congress had no power to stop the spread of slavery
Buchanan supported the court hoping the issue would dissolve itself

22. Lecompton Constitution
Proslavery group drafted a constitution for Kansas in 1857
Most of Kansas opposed slavery and refused to vote for it
Buchanan endorsed the constitution
It was turned down by voters
Kansas remained a territory where slavery was legal
But it entered the Union as a free state in 1861

23. Illinois 1858 Election Stephan a Douglas Democrat
Abraham Lincoln Republican
The election received national attention
Lincoln and Douglas met 7 times in debates about slavery
The Lincoln Douglas Debates

25. Lincoln Douglas Debates
Election for Senate in Illinois
Stephan Douglas favored popular sovereignty
Abraham Lincoln did not believe slavery should spread and opposed popular sovereignty
Douglas wins the election
Lincoln gains followers

26. John Brown back again
October 15, 1859 John Brown attacked a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA
21 men and 5 African Americans attacked with him
Brown wanted to get weapons for slaves so they could revolt

27. Brown cont.
Colonel Robert E. Lee and his troops surrounded the arsenal
The troops killed half of his men including 2 of Brown’s sons
Brown was convicted of treason and hanged
Northerners saw Brown as a Martyr
Southerners saw Brown as an enemy trying to destroy their way of life

28. A Nation Divided Against Itself

29. Election of 1860 Southern Democrats wanted slavery protected
Northern Democrats wanted popular sovereignty
Both groups nominate their own candidate
Southern Democrats: John C. Breckinridge
Northern Democrats Stephen Douglas

30. Election of 1860
Members of the Whig and American parties from the Border States (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri) formed the Constitutional Union party and nominated John Bell
Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln won the majority without getting a single electoral vote in the south

32. Secession South feels betrayed by the election
Southerners call for secession
South Carolina Leaves first December 20, 1860
The Confederate States of America is formed
Jefferson Davis is the President

34. War Starts
Buchanan did not believe secession was legal but would not use force
some wanted to compromise with the south
The Crittenden Compromise would protect slavery where it existed and the Missouri Compromise line would be extended to California
Lincoln believed secession was wrong and he would have to enforce the laws of the United States

36. Fort Sumter The Fort is located in Charleston Harbor
Union troops are stationed at the fort
Lincoln needed to resupply the fort
April 6, 1861 Lincoln tells the Governor of SC he is sending food but no soldiers to the fort
April 10 President Davis tells P.G.T. Beauregard to demand the forts surrender

38. Fort Sumter
Major Robert Anderson controls the fort and refuses to surrender
April 12, 1861 Beauregard opens fire on the fort
After 34 hours Anderson surrenders

40. Lincoln’s Response
Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to fight the seceding states for 90 days
South saw this as an act of war
Upper South (Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas) seceded
4 border states remained uncommitted to either side

42. end

43. Zachary Taylor Ran as a Whig in the election of 1848
Taylor wins defeating Lewis Cass
Last president to hold slaves
Urged New Mexico and California to bypass the territorial stage and draft constitutions for statehood
Had a 40 year military career

45. Who were the major players in the Compromise of 1850 and where were they from?
What were the 5 parts of the Compromise of 1850?
Who opposed the Compromise of 1850? Why?
Who supported the Compromise of 1850? Why?
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