1. Chapter 20: War

2. Intro/Menace 1861 AL takes office
Came in disguise at night
7 states had bailed
Capitol not finished
Did not see it legal that South Split
Geographically…How do we separate?
How would we figure out debts? Fugitive Slave law?
Easy target for Europe

3. South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter
First shots
Federal Forts in Southern territory
Fort Sumter: Charleston Harbor
Commander running out of supplies(100 men)
Lincoln’s question: What to do? Send supplies look like war. Don’t send supplies looks like we are weak.
Send ship with letter to South. We come in Peace!
South fires
Some northerners even say, “go in peace.”

4. April 12 1861 “It’s ON!” Sumter got N fired up Ready to fight
Volunteers called
BLOCKADE

5. Brothers Blood vs. Border Blood
Border states: HAVE TO BE PART OF NORTH!
N need supplies, routes and raw materials
Ohio River: Hoped to have God, but had to have Kentucky
WV created
How to get
Martial law/Against Const?
Soldiers in states
Lincoln could not enlist free Af/AM, would lose border states
Save the union/not about slavery
Brothers Blood vs. Border Blood

6. Many Natives in Indian Territory with S
South reached out to Natives
Cherokee had slaves
Plains Indians with N
Families divided
Many family members fought family members

7. Advantages and Disadvantages 438-443
N Adv
N Disadv.
S adv
S Disadv

8. Advantages and Disadvantages
N Adv
N Disadv.
economy
Farm and factory
railroads
Sea power
manpower
Border states
conquer
Less prepared
Bad commanders
S adv
S Disadv
Defense
Did not have to win
Morale at first
Talented officers
Bred to fight
Seize weapons and ironworks
Early European help (ships)
Less factories
Short of supplies
Bad economy
Reliant on cotton

9. Balance of Forces S-Advantage at beginning defensive
Did not have to win
High morale
Bred to fight
Better officers
Problems:
No factories
Bad transport
Supply shortages in end, started OK, but could not keep up
Economically weak
North controlled Sea

10. North Advantages Disadvantages Manpower Immigrants Sea power
Bad commanders
Did not know land
corruption

11. Dethroning Cotton The South was betting on intervention
Upper class Europe supportive of S
Needed Cotton
Bad Bet:
Working Europe like N
Uncle Tom helped with that
Brits have surplus cotton
Egyptian Cotton
N helped out England later in war to keep them with us (sold captured cotton)
King wheat and corn were bigger then King Cotton in end

12. Decisiveness of Diplomacy
Europe wanted the US to fail and wanted to be friends with winner, played games
Trent Affair
Union warship stopped a British steamer and asked for Southerners on board, British say no
Some in Brit call for war
Slow communications = cooler heads

13. Foreign Flare ups Alabama Laird Rams ship built in England
sent to be armed
Eventually sunk
Fought all around world
Laird Rams
Rams and guns
Ended up giving them to British Navy
British paid us 15.5 million for damages

14. American anger towards Canada
S using it as jumping off point to N
N invaded Canada in small groups/especially Irish
1867 Dominion of Canada

15. Napoleon III took Mexico City and installed Maximilian
Nap figured we would not back Monroe based on war
After war, Max eventually abandoned and faced firing squad

16. Davis Vs. Lincoln
Davis
Built on the idea of states rights also its downfall
Constantly try to make everyone happy or they might secede
Not charismatic
impeachment
Overworked
Beyond his ability, or anyone’s
Lincoln
Had long established gov. and could build off that

17. Limitations on Wartime Liberties
Lincoln took some liberties, but they were not going to be permanent, he regretted
Money for military purposes to civilians
Blockade without congress’ approval
Suspended habeas corpus
Supervised voting in Border states (between troops)

18. Volunteers and Draftees
1863 N passed conscription act: Not enough volunteers
Could hire out, 300 bucks
NY riots over draft.
NY more Democrat, saw as attack by other party to send them
90% of N volunteers
Used immigrants:
Tricked many times
substitutes
Draft jumpers
South
17-50 in 1862
Both used African Americans but waited until desperate

19. Economic Stresses How to pay? N Greenback money released
Excise tax, income tax, Tariff
Morrill Tariff Act 10%
Greenback money released
Fluctuated due to lack of gold so if union doing well, money worth more
Bonds: Sold by Jay Cook who got %

20. National Banking System (under economic stress)
1863
Launched to help sell bonds
establish Standard bank note currency
Connected banks to National bank
Made more sound, got rid of rag money
1st time since 1836

21. South Economics (under eco stress)
South had no custom duties
Sold bonds
Tax on farm goods
Blue backs
Inflation
People selling their possessions

22. North Economic boom Lot of money to be made during war
New factories, new tariffs
Inflated prices
Creates a Millionaire class
Dishonest and bad equipment
New inventions allowed business to carry on
petroleum

23. Women (still under boom)
Jobs for women making goods/filling in at factories
Role in war as support, nurses
Clara Barton: Red Cross
Blackwell: Sanitary Commission provided medical supplies to the field

24. Crushed Cotton Kingdom
% worlds wealth %
Transportation collapsed
Industrial age about to begin