1. Medieval Europe, Renaissance, & Reformation
Unit 4 Review
Medieval Europe, Renaissance, & Reformation
SSWH7 – Analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics
SSWH9 – Analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation

2. Medieval Feudalism
Economic and Political system based upon land holding and allegiances (Feudal Contract)
Emperor Charlemagne
First Holy Roman Emperor (800AD)
Formed alliance with the Pope – ALL of Western Europe united by Christianity
Medieval Church
Played a very significant role in people’s daily lives
Wealthy
Needed the church to be forgiven of sins – go to heaven
Pope had power to excommunicate!

3. Trade in Medieval Europe
Very stagnant (slow) in early Medieval times
Viking raids made it difficult
Crusades played a large role in re- opening trade routes to the East
Bubonic Plague – spread by fleas on rats…killed thousands, caused labor shortage = increased wages for those that survived
Rise of Town/Cities = made manorial life obsolete (no longer needed)
Serfs left in favor of greater opportunity

4. Crusades
A series of Holy wars orchestrated by the Catholic Church (Pope) against Muslims of the Ottoman Empire to reclaim the ‘Holy Land’ of Jerusalem
Effects
Pope offered forgiveness of sins for those that would fight
Strained relationships between Christians and Muslims
Unintentionally reopened trade routes to the East
Better Maps and Better Ships

5. Florence Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance Social – humanists
Economic – wealthy from trade
Patrons of the Arts
Political – progressive
challenged traditional authority (Church/Pope)

6. Humanism Philosophical Movement of the Renaissance Emphasized:
Reason
Individuality
Human Potential
Questioning of Traditional Beliefs
Art, Architecture, Poetry all helped spread humanist ideas

7. Artistic Achievements of the Renaissance….

8. Michelangelo
The Pieta’
David
The Sistine Chapel (Ceiling)

9. Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
Vitruvian Man
Last Supper

10. Raphael
School of Athens

11. Gutenberg’s Printing Press
Technological Innovation
MANY more books = cheaper
Literacy Rates Increased
Took the humanist movement to greater heights
Bible is the first thing printed
Protestant Reformation
Luther’s 95 Theses copied

12. Protestant Reformation
Begun by Martin Luther
Wrote 95 Theses
Criticized corruption of Catholic Church
Abuses: Selling Indulgences, Simony, Nepotism, Excessive Wealth
John Calvin – predestination theology

13. English Reformation
King Henry VIII desired an annulment (divorce) – Pope would not grant it
Henry Established the Anglican Church (English Church)
Daughter Mary tried to reestablish Catholicism after Henry’s Death (Bloody Mary)
Elizabeth I
Found a compromise between Anglican Church and Catholic Church = Elizabethean Settlement

14. Counter Reformation
Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent
Eliminated many of the abuses of the church
Establishment of the Jesuit order = scholars defending Catholicism against critics