1. Human Understanding of both Earth and Space has Changed Over Time
Unit E: Topic One

2. 1.4 Our Solar Neighbourhood

3. How did our solar system get here?
Ideas?

5. Nebular Hypothesis
The theory of how solar systems are formed

6. Evolution of solar system
Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets
Other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets
Still others, such as Earth's Moon, may be the result of giant collisions.
Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System.
The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions

7. The Sun Made up of mainly Hydrogen and Helium
110 times wider than Earth
Surface temperature = 5500ºC
Core temperature = ºC
Releases a steady flow of
charged particles that flow
out in every direction, this
is called solar wind.

8. If our Sun was the size of a beach ball, Jupiter would be as small as a golf ball and Earth would be as tiny as a pea. 

9. Why Do Planets Move in an Orbit?
Answer: Universal Gravitation
Explanation: There is a gravitational force between all objects that pulls them together. When no forces act on an object, it will move in a straight line at a constant speed. Since the sun has gravity to pull the planets inwards, they move in an elliptical orbit.

10. The Planets Each has its own unique features and characteristics.
Divided into inner planets (terrestrial) and outer planets (Jovian).
Inner – tend to be smaller and rockier, close to sun
Outer – large and gaseous, far away from sun

11. Planet Presentations
Each group will be responsible for a different planet in the solar system.
Each group will collect important information about their planet.
Each group will present to the class.

12. The Planets Inner Planets (Terrestrial Planets)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Outer Planets (Gas Giants)
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

13. Mercury Smallest planet Closest to the sun No moons
The most cratered planet

14. Venus The hottest planet
Its thick atmosphere traps heat with a greenhouse effect
Rotates clockwise, rather than counterclockwise
Very close to Earth’s size. Sometimes called Earth’s sister
No moons
Second brightest object in the night sky, after the moon

15. Earth The largest of the terrestrial planets
Only planet not to be named after a Greek or Roman deity
The densest planet
Only one natural satellite
Most of the Earth is covered in water

16. Mars The red planet because of iron oxide Second smallest planet
Has polar icecaps
Signs of liquid water

17. Jupiter Largest planet Has thin rings
Has a great red spot, which is a huge storm
At least 67 moons
Heavier than all the other planets combined

18. Saturn Second largest planet Known for its rings
Has about 150+ moons! Only 53 given official names

19. Uranus Not visible to the naked eye
Orbits on its side, nearly perpendicular to the sun
Hits the lowest temperatures
Has thin rings
Rotates clockwise, rather than counterclockwise

20. Neptune Farthest planet Not visible to the naked eye
On average, the coldest planet
Has thin rings

21. Trends? Patterns?

23. Other Bodies in the Solar System
Asteroids
Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter lies a narrow belt of small, rocky or metallic bodies traveling in space.
They range in size from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers
Origin of asteroids: scientists are uncertain

24. Other Bodies in the Solar System
Comets
Made of dust and ice that travels through space
When they get close to the sun, they heat up and gases are released.
As the comets move, the streaming gases are visible as a “tail”
Comets usually stay in the outer edges of the solar system, but sometimes they’re thrown into the inner solar system and regularly rotate around the sun.

25.
Scroll down to comet video

29. Images from the Rosetta spacecraft show Philae drifting across the surface of its target comet during landing Nov. 12, Credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team

30. Other Bodies in the Solar System
Meteoroids
Small pieces of rock flying through space
Meteor
When a meteoroid is pulled into our atmosphere, atmospheric friction causes it to light up
These are shooting stars
Meteorite
If the meteor lasts long enough to hit the earth, it is called a meteorite
Two impact craters
left by a meteorite
in Quebec