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Assessing National Competitiveness The Global Competitiveness Report September Amir Jahangir Chief Executive Officer Mishal Pakistan A Country Partner Institute of the Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network, World Economic Forum
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Credibility Lab @ Mishal:
Mishal Pakistan through its Credibility Lab’s initiative is working with policy makers, researchers, academia media and industry professionals on creating new industry benchmarks. The Credibility Lab undertakes the following initiatives in Pakistan: As a Country Partner Institute of the World Economic Forum, works on the following: The Global Competitiveness Report The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report The Global Enabling Trade Report The Global Gender Gap Report The Human Capital Report The Financial Development Index Report The Global Information Technology Report The Global Risks Reports EOS serves as the basis for Corruption Perception Index by TI The AGAHI Awards – First Journalism Awards in Pakistan – Framework for Ethical Journalism Media Development Trust Trust Gold Medal Recognition for Public Interest Communication Ethical Audit of News Media (Framework) Media Credibility Index
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“ ” The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)
The set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of a country. The level of productivity, in turn, sets the level of prosperity that can be earned by an economy. ”
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The Global Competitiveness Index
The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) Basic requirements 1.Institutions 2.Infrastructure 3.Macroeconomic environment 4.Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers 5.Higher education and training 6. Goods market efficiency 7. Labor market efficiency 8. Financial market development 9. Technological readiness 10. Market size Innovation and sophistication factors 11. Business sophistication 12. Innovation The Global Competitiveness Index
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
Country Coverage Following a year of non-inclusion, Tajikistan is reinstated in the 2014 edition, although no new economy is added this year. In addition, the Survey was not completed to minimum requirements in Benin, Brunei Darussalam, or Liberia, and therefore those countries could not be included this year. Furthermore, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Ecuador are not included in this edition of the Report because of data quality concernsFollowing a year of non-inclusion, Tajikistan is reinstated in the 2014 edition, although no new economy is added this year. In addition, the Survey was not completed to minimum requirements in Benin, Brunei Darussalam, or Liberia, and therefore those countries could not be included this year. Furthermore, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Ecuador are not included in this edition of the Report because of data quality concerns
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Top 20 Bottom 20 The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
09/11/2018
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
South Asia South Asia continues its upward trend as competitiveness improves in most countries in the region. India is the best performer, climbing to 39th from 55th last year. Over the past decade, the subcontinent has focused on improving overall health and primary education levels and upgrading available infrastructure, areas of particular importance given the resource-driven nature of its economy. However, the latter remains the second weakest spot in the region, just after technological readiness. 09/11/2018
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
Improving Pakistan’s Competitiveness Sustained Economic Growth Poverty Reduction Improved Competitiveness Globalization is a reality that countries can no longer escape Competitiveness is the only way to benefit from globalization and not become a victim
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
Sustained Economic Growth Poverty Reduction Improved Competitiveness The World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report is the Most Influential Ranking of a Country’s Competitiveness and it Effects Pakistan's Image in the World Among Business, Government and Financial Leaders Understanding and Monitoring the Rankings is Important Improved Competitiveness Leads to Sustained Economic Growth Which Has Proven to Be Effective in Poverty Reduction and Employment Generation
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
TOTAL COUNTRIES: 138 Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) Basic Requirements (60%) Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic Stability Health and Primary Education Efficiency Enhancers (35%) 5. Higher Education and Training 6. Goods Market Efficiency 7. Labor Market Efficiency 8. Financial Market Sophistication 9. Technological Readiness 10. Market Size Innovation and Sophistication (5%) 11. Business Sophistication 12. Innovation Pakistan Sri Lanka India Bangladesh
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
2014/ / /17 Change Basic Requirements (60%) 1. Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic Stability Health and Primary Education Efficiency Enhancers (35%) 5. Higher Education and Training 6. Goods Market Efficiency 7. Labor Market Efficiency 8. Financial Market Sophistication 9. Technological Readiness 10. Market Size Innovation and Sophistication (5%) 11. Business Sophistication 12. Innovation
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
Executive Opinion Survey for = Total Sample Size - Global: 14, Pakistan: 350 Period Period 2 Survey edition No. of respondents Weight (%)* Survey edition No. of respondents Weight (%) Detail of WEF’s Executive Opinion Survey for the Year
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Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Intellectual Property Protection 112 109 +3 Diversion of Public Funds 85 79 +6 Public trust in Politicians 99 +14 Irregular Payment and Bribes 116 110 Favoritism in decisions of Government Officials 75 73 +2 Wastefulness of Government Spending 102 98 +4 Burden of Government Regulation 86 +11 Business Costs of Crime and Violence 130 125 +5 Organized Crime 132
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Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Reliability of Police Services 126 118 +8 Ethical Behavior of Firms 98 90 Business Costs of Terrorism 139 134 +5 Protection of Minority Shareholders Interests 112 109 +3 Transparency of Government Policy Making 125 108 +17 Efficiency of Legal Framework in Challenging Regs. 101 100 +1 Quality of Railroad Infrastructure 72 60 +12 Quality of overall infrastructure 93 Quality of railroad Infrastructure 53 +7
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Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Quality of Electricity Supply 129 121 +8 Available Airline Seat Km/week, million 48 46 +2 Gross National Savings, % GDP 115 107 Government Debt, % GDP 101 95 +6 Country Credit Rating pop* 114 +1 Inflation, annual % change 127 93 +34 Malaria Incidents, Cases/100,000 pop* 40 Business Impact of Malaria 49 Infant Mortality, deaths/1000 live births 134 131 +3
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Areas where Pakistan has shown Improvements
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown Improvements Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Primary Education enrollment, net % age 134 133 +1 Tuberculosis Cases/100,000 pop* 125 122 +3 Secondary education enrollment rate Gross %age 129 124 +5 Quality of education system 75 71 +4 Extent of Staff Training 120 +2 Agricultural policy costs 103 99 Trade tariff, % duty 137 Total Tax Rate, % Profits 50 48 Business Impact of Rules on FDI 111 106
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Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Extent of Market Dominance 110 97 +13 Effectiveness of Anti Monopoly Policy 106 96 +10 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary 115 +5 Country capacity to attract talent 86 Female Participation in the labor force, ratio to men* 136 134 +2 Reliance on Professional Management 122 119 +3 +14 Venture Capital Availability 78 68 Mobile Broadband subscriptions/100 pop* 125 121 +4
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Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown improvements Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Export %age GDP 137 135 +2 Control of international distribution 62 60 Production process sophistication 86 77 +9 Nature of competitive advantage 99 85 +14 Willingness to delegate Authority 115 114 +1 Company Spending on R&D 88 67 +11 Govt. Procurement of Advanced Tech Products 33 +29 University Industry Collaboration in R&D 95 68 +27 Quality of Scientific Research Institutions 104 87 +17
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Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Judicial Independence 82 88 -6 Strength of Investor Protection 21 25 -4 Property Rights 118 122 Efficiency of Legal Framework in settling disputes 108 109 -1 Strength of Auditing and Reporting Standards 117 121 Efficacy of corporate boards 123 -2 Quality of port infrastructure 66 84 -18 Fixed Telephone lines/100 pop* 112 -5 Quality of Air Transport Structure 79 91 -12
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Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Mobile Telephone Subscription/100 pop. 124 130 -6 Life Expectancy Years 106 108 -2 Quality of Primary Education 112 115 -3 Business Impact of HIV/AIDS 94 95 -1 Internet Access in Schools 103 105 Quality of Management Schools 70 84 -14 Quality of Math and Science Education 89 98 -9 Local Availability of Specialized Training Services 97 Prevalence of Non Tariff Barriers
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Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Prevalence of Foreign Ownership 116 117 -1 Burden of Customs Procedures 111 113 -2 Degree of Customer Orientation 106 114 -8 Intensity of Local Competition 98 118 -20 Effect of Taxation on Incentive to Invest 66 85 -19 No. of Days to Start a Business 94 -4 Imports as a Percentage of GDP 132 133 Cooperation in Labor Employment Relations 131 134 -3 Pay & Productivity 95 97 Flexibility of Wage Determination 120 -6
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Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Hiring and Firing Practices 48 63 -15 Country Capacity to Retain Talent 70 78 -8 Financing through local Equity Market 69 73 -4 Soundness of Banks 99 101 -2 Regulation of Securities Exchanges 93 106 -13 Legal Rights Index (0-10) best 97 Financial Services Meeting Business Needs 80 102 -22 Affordability of Financial Services 83 88 -5 Ease of Access to Loans 90 103
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Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration Indices 2015/16 2016/17 Availability of Latest Technologies 79 99 -20 Firm Level Technology Absorption 82 114 -28 FDI and Technology Transfer 77 86 -9 Fixed Broadband Internet Subscription/100 pop. 107 110 -3 Foreign market size index 55 59 -4 Local supplier quality 98 111 -13 Extent of marketing 100 Local supplier quantity 63 102 -39
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Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has shown deterioration Indices 2015/16 2016/17 State of Cluster Development 68 76 -8 Value Chain Breadth 64 77 -13 Availability of Scientists and Engineers 44 66 -22 PCT patents, application/million pop 109 111 -2
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Areas where Pakistan has maintained its position
The Global Competitiveness Report Areas where Pakistan has maintained its position Indices 2015/16 Quality of Roads 77 - Government Budget Balance % GDP 106 Mobile Telephone Subscriptions/100 pop. 124 Business Impact of Tuberclusis 104 Tertiary education enrollment, gross % 115 No. of Procedure to Start a Business 116 Effect of Taxation on Incentives to Work 84 Internet Users % of Population 119 Domestic Market Size Index 23 Capacity for Innovation 95
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Global Rankings of Various Institutions
Intellectual Property Organization 106 117 112 109 Judicial Independence 57 67 82 88 Police Services 127 128 118 AGPR 86 90 121 NHA 73 75 77 Railways 66 72 60 53 CAA 78 92 79 91 NEPRA 126 133 129 HEC 125 115 NAVTEC 102 101 94 97 CCP 71 85 96 Customs 93 87 111 113 SBP 99 SECP 55 51 TDAP X 141 137 135 NAB 139 Not available as yet
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017
Public-Private Partnership is the only way to improve Pakistan’s Competitiveness Goal should be to Involve Public Private Partnerships and Act as a catalyst to: Improve Competitiveness Increase Productivity Enhance prosperity
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The Way Forward – Steps to be Taken to Improve Competitiveness
National Competitiveness Council The Annual State of Competitiveness Report Institutional Effort to Update the Data Regional Competitiveness Councils Provincial Competitiveness Reports Industry Academia Linkages Get Out of “The Narrative Trap” Narrative Building Strategy Inward Looking Outward Looking
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Pakistan Made Improvements on number of indices 63 54
The Narrative Trap 2015/ /17 Pakistan Made Improvements on number of indices Pakistan Deteriorated on number of indices Pakistan Retained its Position TOTAL
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Key Messages
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Backup Slides
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Pillar 1 Institutions Improvements 2015-16 2016-17 Weakening
Intellectual Property Protection 109 Diversion of Public Funds 79 Public Trust in Politicians 85 Irregular payment and Bribes 110 Favouritism in decisions of Government Officials 73 Wastefulness of Government Spending 98 Burden of Government Regulation 75 Business Costs of Crime and Violence 125 Organized Crime 130 Reliability of Police Services 118 Ethical Behaviour of Firms 90 Business Costs of Terrorism 134 Protection of Minority Shareholders Interests 109 Transparency of Government Policy Making 108 Efficiency of Legal Framework in Challenging Regs 100 Weakening Judicial Independence 88 Strength of Investor Protection 25 Property Rights 122 Efficiency of Legal Framework in settling disputes 109 Strength of Auditing and Reporting Standards 121 Efficacy of Corporate Boards 123
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Pillar 2 Infrastructure
Improvements Quality of overall infrastructure 93 Quality of railroad Infrastructure 53 Quality of Electricity Supply 121 Available Airline Seat Km/week, million 46 Quality of roads 77 Weakening Quality of port infrastructure 84 Fixed Telephone lines/100 pop* 117 Quality of Air transport Structure 91 Mobile Telephone Subscriptions/100 pop 130
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Pillar 3 Macroeconomic environment
Improvements Government budget balance, % GDP 106 Gross National Savings, % GDP 107 Government Debt, % GDP 95 Country Credit Rating pop* 114 Inflation, annual % change 93 Weakening
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Pillar 4 Health and Primary Education
Improvements Malaria Incidents, Cases/100,000 Pop 40 Business Impact of Malaria 48 Business Impact of Tuberculosis 104 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births 131 HIV Prevalence, % adult pop 1 Primary Education enrollment, net % 133 Tuberculosis Cases/100,000 pop* 122 Weakening Live Expectancy Years 108 Quality of primary education 115 Business Impact of HIV/AIDS 95
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Pillar 5 Higher Education and Training
Improvements Secondary education enrollment rate Gross %age 124 Quality of education system 71 Tertiary Education Enrollment Rate Gross %age 115115 Extent of Staff Training 120 Weakening Internet Access in Schools 105 Quality of management schools 84 Quality of math and science education 98 Local availability of Specialized Training Services 97
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Pillar 6 Goods Market Efficiency
Improvements No. of procedures required to start a business 116 Agricultural policy costs 99 Trade tariff, % duty 134 Buyer sophistication 86 Total Tax Rate, % Profits 48 Business Impact of Rules on FDI 106 Extent of Market Dominance 97 Effectiveness of Anti Monopoly Policy 96 Weakening Prevalence of Non Tariff Barriers 112 Prevalence of Foreign Ownership 117 Burden of Customs Procedures 113 Degree of Customer Orientation 114 Intensity of Local Competition 118 Effect of Taxation on Incentive to Invest 85 No. of days to start a business 98 Imports as a percentage of GDP 133
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Pillar 7 Labor Market Efficiency
Improvements Redundancy costs, weeks of salary 110 Country capacity to attract Talent 86 Female Participation in the labor force, ratio to men* 134 Effect of Taxation on Incentives to Work 84 Reliance on Professional Management 119 Weakening Cooperation in labor employment relations 134 Flexibility of Wage Determination 120 Pay and productivity 97 Hiring and firing practices 63 Country capacity to retain Talent 78
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Pillar 8 Financial Market Development
Improvements Venture Capital Availability 68 Weakening Financing through local Equity Market 73 Soundness of Banks 101 Regulation of securities exchanges 106 Legal rights index 97 Financial Services meeting Business Needs 102 Affordability of financial services 88 Ease of access to Loans 103
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Pillar 9 Technological Readiness
Improvements Internet Users %age Pop 119 Internet bandwidth, kb/s user 115 Mobile Broadband subscriptions/100 Pop 121 Weakening Availability of latest technologies 99 Firm Level Technology Absorption 114 FDI and Technology Transfer 86 Fixed Broadband Internet subscription/100 Pop 110
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Pillar 10 Market Size Improvements 2015-16 2016-17 Weakening
Domestic market size index 23 GDP ( PPP$ Billions) 26 Weakening Export %age GDP 135 Foreign market size index 59
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Pillar 11 Business Sophistication
Improvements Control of international distribution 60 Production process sophistication 77 Nature of competitive advantage 85 Willingness to delegate Authority 114 Weakening Local supplier quality 111 Extent of marketing 114 Local supplier quantity 102 State of Cluster Development 76 Value Chain Breadth 77
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Pillar 12 Innovation Improvements 2015-16 2016-17 Weakening
Company Spending on R&D 67 Govt. Procurement of Advanced Tech Products 33 University Industry Collaboration in R&D 68 Capacity for Innovation 95 Quality of Scientific Research Institutions 87 Weakening Availability of Scientists and Engineers 66 PCT patents, application/million pop 111
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