1. HUMAN BODY SYTEMS INTERACTIONS
THE BIG PICTURE

2. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

3. Digestive System Functions
Converts food into simpler molecules that can be used by cells.
Absorbs nutrients
Eliminates Wastes
Nutrient Absorption: absorbs nutrients from food
Defense: acid in stomach is capable of breaking down some pathogens
Regulation: Provides nutrients

4. Digestive System Interactions
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Skeletal?
Endocrine?
Excretory?
Integumentary?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Muscular?

5. How does the Digestive System interact with…
Respiratory System: provides carbs for cell respiration which needs oxygen
Nervous System: gets ATP from nutrients
Muscular and Skeletal System: stomach contracts to push food through
Endocrine System: makes hormones (insulin) to regulate blood sugar
Excretory System: removes waste products from digested materials
Immune & Lymphatic System: gets ATP to kill pathogens in food
Circulatory System: transport nutrients

6. Circulatory System

7. Circulatory System Functions
Carries dissolved gases (CO2 and O2), nutrients, and hormones to all cells
Removes cell wastes
Regulates body temperature by dilating blood vessels
Nutrient Absorption: Carries nutrients from food to all cells
Defense: WBC fight infection, transport antibodies and WBC to the pathogen or infection site
Regulation: Regulates body temperature by dilating and contracting blood vessels
Pumps blood to all body parts
Circulates hormones through the body

8. Circulatory System Interactions
Muscular?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Endocrine?
Excretory?
Integumentary?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Skeletal?
Lymphatic?

9. How does the Circulatory System interact with…
Respiratory System: carries gases
Nervous System: controls heart rate, dilates and contracts blood vessels
Muscular and Skeletal System: provides oxygen to cells to move, carries away wastes from cells, blood vessels and heart are muscles
Digestive System: carries nutrients from food
Excretory System: wastes in blood are filtered by kidneys
Immune & Lymphatic System: carries WBC and antibodies

10. Nervous System

11. Nervous System Functions
A communication and control system that responds to stimuli by receiving, integrating, and responding to signals
Electrical messages in the nervous system are called action potentials (nerve impulses)
Nutrient Absorption: sends signals to muscles in the digestive system to speed up digestion
Regulation: helps body maintain homeostasis

12. Add to Organs:
Hypothalamus: Reads or senses blood levels and then directs different glands of the endocrine system to respond and return the body to homeostasis

13. Nervous System Interactions
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Excretory?
Skeletal?
Integumentary?
Endocrine?
Reproductive?
Muscular?
Lymphatic?

14. How does the Nervous system interact with…
Respiratory System: brain regulates respiratory rate
Circulatory System: brain controls heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
Muscular and Skeletal System: sensory receptors for movement and positioning
Digestive System: brain controls eating and drinking behavior and the digestive tract
Excretory System: sensory information to the brain to control urination
Immune & Lymphatic System: stimulates defense mechanisms
Endocrine System: hypothalamus controls glands for hormone production

15. The Muscular System

16. MUSCULAR SYSTEM

17. Functions of the Muscular System
Works with skeletal system to provide voluntary movement controlled by the central nervous system
Voluntary muscles
Muscles you can control
Arms, legs, hands, and face
Involuntary muscles
You can’t control
They move automatically
Cardiac muscles, stomach, intestines
Lines digestive system (movement called peristalsis) and blood vessels
Nutrient Absorption:
Muscles in esophagus push food down (peristalsis)
Muscle in stomach help dissolve food
Muscles in intestines help move nutrient absorption
Regulation:
Muscles in blood vessels regulate body temp

18. Muscular System Interactions
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Endocrine/Immune?
Excretory?
Integumentary?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Skeletal?
Lymphatic?

19. Muscular System Interactions
Circulatory: blood vessels lined with muscles, provides energy to muscle cells
Respiratory: Diaphragm - provides oxygen
Digestive: Smooth muscle in digestive system moves nutrients, provides nutrients to cells
Integumentary : small muscle in skin contract
Excretory: removes wastes produced by muscle contraction , bladder is a muscle
Nervous: sends action potentials

20. Endocrine System

21. Endocrine System Functions
System of glands which secrete a different types of hormone
Regulate homeostasis
Communication
Nutrient Absorption: insulin production to bring down sugar level, glucagon production to bring up sugar level
Regulation: production of hormones to maintain homeostasis

22. Common Hormones:
Insulin—blood sugar
Oxytocin– labor
Serotonin– sleep and mood
Epinephrine—Flight or Fight

23. Endocrine System Interactions
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Excretory?
Skeletal?
Integumentary?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Muscular?
Lymphatic?

24. How does the Endocrine System interact with…
Respiratory System: release of adrenaline to speed up breathing rate
Circulatory System: release of adrenaline to speed up heart rate
Muscular and Skeletal System: adrenaline will direct blood to muscle
Digestive System: release of insulin and glucagon for maintain blood sugar level

25. Lymphatic System Functions: (works with immune system)
Helps protect body from disease
Collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns fluid to circulatory system
Immune System Functions: (works with lymphatic system)
To fight infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances

26. Both systems:
Nutrient Absorption: WBCs kill off any pathogens that have entered the system through the food
 Regulation: WBCs work to keep you healthy and fight of diseases, viruses, pathogens
Defense: More WBCs are produced when body senses something foreign inside of it

27. Add to organ/parts list…
Antibodies: proteins that recognize and bind to antigens
Antigen: disease causing agent

28. Lymphatic System Interactions
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Excretory?
Skeletal?
Integumentary?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Muscular?
Endocrine?

29. How do these systems interact with….
Circulatory System: WBC travel to infected sites in blood vessels
Nervous System: control everything
Respiratory: breathe in pathogens and immune system will attack as they enter the circulatory system
Endocrine: thymus glands in children to “train” WBC to recognize pathogens
Integumentary: First line of defense to keep pathogens out of body
Muscular/Skeletal: heart pumps blood and lymph, skeletal protects and makes WBCs
Excretory: blood/lymph filtered and wastes such as antibiotics and pathogens are removed
Digestive: pathogens in food will be eliminated by stomach acid if they reach the bloodstream by WBCs

30. What happens if you have HIV (retrovirus?)
What can prevent viruses?
What can cure bacterial infections?

31. Excretory System

32. Excretory System Functions
It is responsible for the elimination of the waste products of metabolism as well as other liquid and gaseous wastes
Maintains homeostasis
Maintains water balance in blood
Filters wastes from the blood (kidney)
Eliminates wastes
Amino acids > ammonia > urea > urine
Nutrient Absorption: Filters out wastes and maintains water balance
Defense: Filters out wastes from the breakdown of pathogens
Regulation: Filters metabolic wastes from blood

33. Excretory System Interactions
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Endocrine?
Skeletal?
Integumentary?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Muscular?
Lymphatic?

34. How does the Excretory System interact with…
Respiratory System: removes excess wastes such as gases (CO2)
Nervous System: controls involuntary muscle movement for urination
Muscular and Skeletal System: removes waste by products of muscles and skeletal protects
Integumentary System: some wastes are lost as sweat
Digestive System: helps maintain water balance
Immune & Lymphatic System: produces wastes that are removed
Circulatory System: transports blood through kidneys

35. Respiratory System

36. Respiratory System Functions
Gas exchange
Animals take in: Oxygen (O2)
Animals release: Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration: which makes ATP
Defense: nasal hairs and mucous protect from airborne pathogens  
Regulation: Gets rid of carbon dioxide wastes

37. Respiratory System Interactions
Circulatory?
Skeletal?
Digestive?
Endocrine?
Excretory?
Integumentary?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Muscular?
Lymphatic?

38. How does the Respiratory System interact with...
Circulatory System: carries gases
Nervous System: controls breathing rate
Muscular and Skeletal System: diaphragm expands lungs
Digestive System: provides nutrients to facilitate breathing
Immune & Lymphatic System: fights airborne pathogens
Endocrine System: Breathing rate (fight or flight)

39. The Skeletal System

40. Functions of the Skeletal System
Supports the body
Protects internal organs
Stores minerals
Bone marrow provides a site for blood cell formation
Consists of: Bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons
206 bones in adults, babies around 300
Nutrient Absorption: Stores minerals
Regulation: Produces red blood cells
Defense: Produces white blood cells

41. Specialized Cells Osteoblasts: Make new bone
Osteocytes: old osteoblasts that are no longer capable of making new bone
Osteoclasts: break down bones

42. Skeletal System – Interactions?
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Endocrine?
Excretory?
Integumentary?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Muscular?
Lymphatic?

43. Skeletal System Interactions
Circulatory: Skeletal makes blood cells
Respiratory: Ribs protect lungs
Digestive: Nutrients from digestive system used in bones
Integumentary : Skin covers and protects bones
Endocrine: Certain hormones will make bones grow
Excretory : Protects the organs
Immune and Lymphatic: WBC made in bones
Nervous: protects the brain and spinal cord.

45. Integumentary System Functions:
Serves as barrier against infection and injur
Helps regulate body temperature
Provides protection against UV rays
Regulation: Regulates body temperature
Defense: 1st line of defense and protects against UV damage

46. Integumentary System Interactions
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Excretory?
Skeletal?
Endocrine?
Nervous?
Reproductive?
Muscular?
Lymphatic?

47. How does this system interact with…
Circulatory: regulates blood flow to control temp
Respiratory: Hair in nasal passageways help filter gases
Digestive: nutrients to skin cells
Muscular and Skeletal: Covers muscles and bones and 1st line of defense
Endocrine: hormones can be excreted through skin
Excretory: sweat/water balance
Immune and Lymphatic: skin is 1st line of defense
Nervous: skin has sensory receptors

48. Reproductive Review
What process makes new gametes or germ cells in our bodies?
How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell? 1n or 2n? Haploid or diploid?
What is the process that makes new somatic cells?
How many chromosomes are in our body cells? 1n or 2n? Haploid or diploid?

49. Reproductive System Functions
Produces reproductive cells by meiosis
Females – nurtures and protects embryo
This is the only system that undergoes meiosis
Regulation: Helps to produce and regulate hormone release
Reproduction: Produces gametes and hormones for reproduction to occur

50. Add to Organs/Parts
Gametes: sex cell, either egg or sperm, that contain 1/2 the genetic material of an organism (haploid)

51. Reproductive System Interactions
Circulatory?
Respiratory?
Digestive?
Excretory?
Skeletal?
Endocrine?
Nervous?
Integumentary?
Muscular?
Lymphatic?

52. How does the Reproductive System interact with…
Circulatory System: circulates blood to zygote, provides nutrients/gases
Respiratory System: gas exchange
Digestive System: provides nutrients
Endocrine System: hormones for reproduction and development
Excretory System: waste removal
Immune & Lymphatic System: fight foreign invaders/diseases that harm developing zygote
Integumentary System: protection
Nervous System: monitors development
Muscular System: movement of zygote/labor for animals that go through birth
Skeletal System: protection