1. Chapter 5 Photosynthesis

2. 5-1 NRG and Living Things Where does the NRG we use come from.
Directly or indirectly from the sun
Plants get their NRG directly from the sun
How?

3. Plants use photosynthesis to convert light NRG into chemical NRG
Plants are autotrophs
Autotrophs convert light NRG or inorganic compounds to make organic compounds
Photoautotrophs use the sun
Chemoautotrophs use inorganic compounds

4. Heterotrophs must eat things to aquire NRG from organic compounds
Cellular Respiration is how most heterotrophs, and most autotrophs get their NRG from organic compounds
Similar to burning fuel (uses oxygen), to build ATP

5. Organisms get NRG from compounds by breaking chemical bonds
Some NRG gets released as heat when breaking chemical bonds
Most of the remaining NRG gets temporarily stored as ATP

6. ATP ATP yields ADP + P + NRG
Made of a nitrogen base, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
How is the NRG released?
By breaking the chemical bond between phophate groups

8. 5-2 Photosynthesis Stage One and Two (Light RXNS)
Chloroplast contain pigments that absorb solar NRG
Primary pigment is called chlorophyll and absorbs blue, red light waves
Two types of chlorophyll a and b

9. Carotenoids are yellow and orange pigments
They absorb different wavelengths of light

10. Stage 1 Pigments are located in chloroplast
Embedded in the membranes of thylakoids (disk shaped)
When light hits them, NRG is transferred to electrons
Makes them “excited”

11. Excited electrons jump from chlorophyll molecules to other molecules in the thylakoid
These electrons fuel the second stage of photosynthesis

12. Plants must replace these lost electrons
Water molecules get spilt by an enzyme
Electrons are taken from hydrogen atoms, leaving H+
The oxygen is combined to form oxygen gas

13. Stage 2
Electrons are used to produce new molecules that store chemcal NRG
Electrons are passed between molecules in the thylakoid membrane
Called the Electron Transport Chain

14. One type of e- chain contains a protein that acts like a membrane pump
The e- lose their NRG as they pass through the protein
This NRG is used to pump H+ into the thylakoid
This creates a concentration gradient inside the thylakoid

15. The H+ then diffuse out the thylakoid through special carrier proteins
These carrier proteins function as enzymes and ion channels
These proteins catalyze a reaction that adds a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP

16. ATP used to fuel stage 3

17. Another e- transport chain makes NADPH
NADPH is an electron carrier that provides NRG to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in stage 3
NADP+ + Hydrogen ions=NADPH

18. Light RXNS Summary Pigments in thylakoids capture solar NRG
Electrons become excited and move through the e- transport chain
Electrons are replaced by splitting water molecules
H+ accumulate in thylakoid, helping to create ATP and NADPH

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