1. Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 3/4: The Skeletal System (Guided notes) Waggy

2. Key Concepts Functions Types of bones Bone Cells Types of Joints
Bone Fractures
Learn the Bones!!

3. Skeletal System
Functions:
Support:
Protection:

4. Movement:
Reservoir for minerals and adipose tissue
Hematopoiesis

5. Bone Classification There are 206 named bones in the human body.
4 types of bones:
1. Long Bones
2. Short Bones

6. 3. Flat Bone
4. Irregular Bones
Sternum
Sphenoid Bone

7. Bone Cells 1. Osteoblasts 3. Osteoclasts 2. Osteocytes
The blue arrows indicate the osteoblasts. The yellow arrows indicate the bone matrix they’ve just secreted.
1. Osteoblasts
2. Osteocytes
3. Osteoclasts

8. Joints Classified by degree of movement and type of tissue:
1. No movement:
2. Slight movement:
3. Freely moveable: (aka: synovial joints)

9. Types of Synovial joints
Gliding:
Hinge:
Pivot:
Suture:
Saddle:
Ball and socket:

10. Bone Fractures (Breaks)
Bone fractures are classified by:

11. Types of Bone Fractures
Complete –
Incomplete –
Simple (or closed) -
Compound -

12. Comminuted -
Compression -
Depressed -
Impacted -
Spiral -
Greenstick -

13. Factors Affecting Bone Development, Growth, and Repair
Deficiency of Vitamin A –
Deficiency of Vitamin C –
Deficiency of Vitamin D –
Insufficient Growth Hormone –
Excessive Growth Hormone –
Insufficient Thyroid Hormone –
Sex Hormones –
Physical Stress –

14. Axial Skeleton
Consists of:
1. Skull
2. Thoracic Cage
3. Spinal column

15. Skull Skull formed by 2 sets of bones 1. Cranium – 2. Facial bones –
All but 1 of the bones of skull are joined by sutures (interlocking, immovable joints)
Mandible attached by a freely moving joint.

16. 1. Cranium Made up of 8 large flat bones 1. Frontal –
2&3 Parietal (2) –
sagittal suture -
coronal suture -
4&5. Temporal (2) –

17. Important bone markings found on temporal bones:
External acoustic (auditory) meatus –
Styloid process -
Mastoid process –

18. Occipital –
-Joins parietals anteriorly at lambdoidal suture
-Foramen magnum -

19. 7. Sphenoid –
Sella turcica -

20. 8. Ethmoid –

21. The 14 Facial Bones 12 paired, only the mandible and vomer are single
1&2. Maxillae (2) / maxillary bones –
Paranasal Sinuses –

22. Facial Bones 3&4. Palatine(2) – 5&6. Zygomatic (2) –
7&8. Lacrimal (2) –
9&10. Nasal (2)

23. Facial Bones
11. Vomer
12. Mandible
13& 14. Inferior Nasal concha

24. Thoracic Cage
Sternum: fusion of three bones

25. Ribs: 12 pairs, grouped by structure True: False:
Vertebrochondral:
Floating:

26. Vertebral Column 24 vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx (26 total)
Five regions:

27. Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of:
Pectoral girdle
Arm bones
Pelvis
Leg bones

28. Pectoral Girdle
Joins the arms to the body

29. The Arm
Made of the humerus (upper arm), radius, ulna (lower arm) and carpel bones (hand)

30. Lower Arm
Radius
Ulna

31. The Hand
Wrist:
Hand:
Fingers:

32. Pelvic Girdle Joins the legs to the body and protects organs
Each hip is made of 3 bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis
Ilium:
Ischium:
Pubis:

33. The Leg Made of femur, patella, tibia, fibula, ankle, and foot. Femur:

34. Lower Leg
Tibia
Fibula

35. The Foot
Ankle: made of 7 tarsal bones
Talus:
Calcaneus:
Foot:
Toes:

36. The End